Table 1.
Descriptive information
| M (SD) or N (%) | |
|---|---|
|
| |
| Demographics | |
| Female Gender | 49 (41.5%) |
| Black or African American Race | 75 (63.6%) |
| Age | 52.7 (13.6) |
| High school diploma or GED | 83 (70.3%) |
| Past 30-day Incomea | $1,412.48 ($1,160.37) |
| Opioid Use and Treatment History | |
| Age of first opioid use | 24.3 (9.4) |
| Age of first methadone treatment | 40.4 (13.0) |
| History of injection opioid use | 52 (44.1%) |
| Prior methadone treatment (before current treatment episode) | 92 (78.0%) |
| Prior buprenorphine treatment | 28 (23.7%) |
| Prior heroin detoxification treatment | 79 (66.9%) |
| Methadone dose at stabilization | 63.3 (24.4) |
| Individual Characteristics | |
| Depressive symptoms | 6.7 (4.4) |
| Trait impulsivity | 36.6 (7.3) |
| Opioid use-related coping motives | 16.3 (4.1) |
| Outcomes | |
| Proportion of opioid-positive screens (first month) | 70.7% (37.6%) |
| Days retained in treatment (censored at 365 days) | 171.9 (129.3) |
| Other Substance Use | |
| Percentage of cocaine-positive screens (first month) | 24.4% (36.4%) |
| Percentage of marijuana-positive screens (first month) | 22.5% (37.7%) |
| Percentage of benzodiazepine-positive screens (first month) | 10.9% (24.6%) |
a.
Income was assessed as money received in the past month from all sources, including employment, unemployment insurance, public assistance, social security, family and friends, and illegal activities. This variable contained outliers and was winsorized.