Table 3.
Multinomial logistic regression for prehypertension and hypertension with associated factors in South Asia.
| Characteristics | Bangladesh (8,613) | India (637,396) | Nepal (8,924) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prehypertension | Hypertension | Prehypertension | Hypertension | Prehypertension | Hypertension | |
| Age (18–30 years) a | ||||||
| 31–39 | 1.3 (1.15, 1.47)*** | 2.81 (2.39, 3.31)*** | 1.64 (1.62, 1.67)*** | 2.49 (2.43, 2.54)*** | 1.67 (1.47, 1.91)*** | 2.56 (2.12, 3.09)*** |
| 40–49 | 1.47 (1.28, 1.7)*** | 5.11 (4.3, 6.08)*** | 2.26 (2.22, 2.3)*** | 5.61 (5.48, 5.74)*** | 2.18 (1.89,2.52)*** | 5.38 (4.44, 6.51)*** |
| Sex (male) a | ||||||
| Female | 0.66 (0.59, 0.73)*** | 0.91 (0.8, 1.04) | 0.42 (0.41, 0.42)*** | 0.35 (0.34, 0.36)*** | 0.49 (0.44, 0.55)*** | 0.38 (0.33, 0.44)*** |
| Place of residence (urban) a | ||||||
| Rural | 0.96 (0.86, 1.07) | 0.95 (0.83, 1.09) | 0.99 (0.98, 1) | 0.96 (0.94, 0.98)*** | 0.99 (0.89, 1.11) | 1.0 (0.87, 1.16) |
| Educational level (illiterate) a | ||||||
| Primary | 0.89 (0.76, 1.04) | 1.02 (0.85, 1.23) | 0.99 (0.97, 1.01) | 1 (0.98, 1.03) | 0.97 (0.83, 1.13) | 1.21 (0.99, 1.49)* |
| Secondary | 0.97 (0.82, 1.14) | 1.05 (0.86, 1.29) | 0.89 (0.87, 0.9)*** | 0.85 (0.83, 0.87)*** | 0.99 (0.85, 1.14) | 1.18 (0.97, 1.44)* |
| Higher | 1.02 (0.84, 1.23) | 1.13 (0.9, 1.43) | 0.83 (0.82, 0.85)*** | 0.71 (0.69, 0.74)*** | 0.99 (0.82, 1.18) | 1.18 (0.92, 1.51)*** |
| Wealth index (poor) a | ||||||
| Middle | 1.12 (0.98, 1.29)* | 1.24 (1.04, 1.48)*** | 1 (0.99, 1.02) | 1.03 (1.01, 1.06)*** | 0.89 (0.77, 1.02)* | 0.9 (0.74, 1.09) |
| Rich | 1.05 (0.92, 1.2) | 1.29 (1.09, 1.51)*** | 1.03 (1.01, 1.05)*** | 1.03 (1.0, 1.05)** | 0.8 (0.7, 0.91)*** | 0.9 (0.76, 1.07) |
| Marital status (never married) a | ||||||
| Currently married | 0.99 (0.85, 1.15) | 0.85 (0.68, 1.07) | 1.14 (1.12, 1.16)*** | 1.25 (1.21, 1.28)*** | 0.97 (0.83, 1.14) | 1.4 (1.07, 1.84)** |
| Formerly/ever married | 1.0 (0.74, 1.36) | 1.03 (0.71, 1.49) | 1.14 (1.1, 1.17)*** | 1.47 (1.4, 1.53)*** | 1.09 (0.76, 1.56) | 1.52 (0.92, 2.5)* |
| Body mass index (normal) (a) | ||||||
| Overweight | 2.04 (1.79, 2.33)*** | 3.9 (3.37, 4.52)*** | 1.57 (1.55, 1.6)*** | 2.5 (2.46, 2.55)*** | 2.45 (2.13, 2.82)*** | 4.23 (3.58, 5.01)*** |
| Obese | 3.44 (2.56, 4.62)*** | 6.14 (4.5, 8.37)*** | 1.88 (1.83, 1.93)*** | 4.31 (4.18, 4.44)*** | 3.89 (2.92, 5.17)*** | 8.63 (6.37, 11.69)*** |
***
≤ 0.01 (99% CI);
**
≤ 0.05 (95% CI);
*
≤ 0.1 (90% CI): the model is also controlled for region variable. Confidence interval is provided in the bracket; the model was also adjusted for regions in the respective countries.
a
Base category.
Source: authors' estimation from DHS Data.