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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Surg. 2022 Aug 10;278(1):e115–e122. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000005669

Table 1.

Case vs. control matching, 1 case to up to 4 controls (among all matches)*

Cases (new HTN) Controls (no new HTN at time of matching) p
N= 1,990 N= 6,490
Age in years, median (IQR) 49.0 (41.0–55.0) 49.3 (42.8–55.0) 0.13
BMI in kg/m2, median (IQR) 32.5 (31.1–34.8) 32.3 (31.1–34.1) 0.002
WHO class, N(%)
 Class I (30–34.9) 1,518 (76.3) 5,272 (81.2) < 0.001
 Class II (35–39.9) 362 (18.2) 997 (15.4)
 Class III (40+) 110 (5.5) 221 (3.4)
Male sex, N(%) 758 (38.1) 2,531 (39.0) 0.47
Black Race, N(%) 661 (33.2) 1,923 (29.6) 0.002
Systolic BP, median (IQR) 118.0 (111.0–126.0) 118.0 (110–125.0) 0.02
Diastolic BP, median (IQR) 74.0 (69.0–79.0) 74.0 (69.0–78.0) 0.29
MAP, median (IQR) 88.7 (83.3–94.0) 88.3 (83.3–93.3) 0.08
BP status, N(%)
 Normotensive 994 (50.0) 3,410 (52.5) 0.04
 Pre-hypertensivea 969 (48.7) 3,020 (46.5)
 White coat hypertensionb 27 (1.4) 60 (0.9)
Serum creatinine, median (IQR) c 0.73 (0.63–0.85) 0.73 (0.63–0.88) 0.002
eGFR, median (IQR) c 105.0 (96.4–114.0) 103.0 (96.0–112.0) < 0.001
Fasting blood glucose, median (IQR) d 97.3 (90.7–105.0) 97.3 (90.5–104.6) 0.43
Impaired fasting glucose (FBG >= 100–125 or A1c >=5.6–6.9), N(%)e 739 (42.7) 2,378 (43.5) 0.58
Family history of HTN, N(%)f 1,031 (57.4) 2,917 (52.1) < 0.001
Family history of diabetes, N(%)g 595 (35.4) 1,890 (36.7) 0.31
HDL, median (IQR)h 46.0 (37.6–55.0) 46.2 (38.0–55.9) 0.22
Triglycerides, median (IQR)i 111.0 (77.0–159.5) 107.0 (75.0–158.0) 0.03
History of high cholesterol, median (IQR)j 126 (14.4) 472 (15.3) 0.50
Ever smoked, N(%)k 900 (46.0) 2,764 (43.6) 0.06
Metabolic syndrome, N(%)l 738 (42.7) 2,251 (40.9) 0.19
Living donor 322 (16.2) 1,284 (19.8) < 0.001
*

Observations are not unique, as a case may serve as a control if matched on a previous event-free time

Bold indicates significance at p < 0.05

a

Systolic blood pressure 130–139 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure 80–89 mmHg

b

includes individuals who had a single BP measurement that was elevated among donors

c

missing for 1 case and 5 controls

d

missing for 12.9% of donors and 15.5% of controls

e

missing for 9.8% of cases and 13.7% of controls

f

missing for 15.5% of cases and 20.7% of controls

g

missing for 12.3% of cases and 14.7% of controls

h

missing for 11.6% of cases and 14.1% of controls

i

missing for 55.9% of cases and 52.3% of controls

j

missing for 1.7% of cases and 2.2% of controls

k

missing for 13.1% of cases and 15.2% of controls

- exact matching on sex and race

- caliper matching on evaluation/ exam meeting donor eligibility criteria: age (+/− 3 years), BMI (+/− 2 units), systolic and diastolic BP (+/− 5 units)