TABLE 4.
Properties of commonly used fluorophores. AF: Alexa Fluor; APC: allophycocyanin; BV: brilliant violet; eGFP: enhanced green fluorescent protein; FITC: fluorescein; MESF: molecules of equivalent solble fluorophores; PE: phycoerythrin
| Fluorophore | Type | Molecular mass (kDa) | Extinction Coefficient (ε, M−1 cm−1) | Quantum Yield (ϕ) | Fluorophore brightness (ε·ϕ) | MESF calibrators |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PE | Large protein | 250 | 1.96E + 06 | 0.84 | 1.65E + 06 | Bangs Laboratories, Becton Dickinson, Spherotech |
| BV421 | Organic polymer | 75 | 2.50E + 06 | 0.65 | 1.63E + 06 | BD Special Order |
| APC | Large protein | 105 | 7.00E + 05 | 0.68 | 4.76E + 05 | Bangs Laboratories, BD Special Order, Spherotech |
| AF647 | Small organic molecules | 1.3 | 2.70E + 05 | 0.33 | 8.91E + 04 | Bangs Laboratories |
| AF488 | Small organic molecules | 0.6 | 7.30E + 04 | 0.92 | 6.72E + 04 | Bangs Laboratories |
| FITC | Small organic molecules | 0.4 | 7.30E + 04 | 0.92 | 6.72E + 04 | Bangs Laboratories, Spherotech |
| eGFP | Small protein | 27 | 5.59E + 04 | 0.6 | 3.35E + 04 | Bangs Laboratories, Spherotech |