Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2023 Feb 9;14:29. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-34606-w

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 2 — a UMAP analysis of 2,209 cholangiocytes from four control (CTR) and five primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) livers identified eight distinct clusters of cholangiocyte (1) to (8). b Canonical marker genes were highly expressed in different clusters of cholangiocytes in human livers. c Cluster distribution of cells in control livers (orange) and PBC livers (blue). d The proportions of cholangiocyte subpopulations in control and PBC livers. CTR: n = 4 liver samples from CTR patients, PBC: n = 5 liver samples from PBC patients; Plotted: mean ± SEM; Statistics: two-tailed Mann-Whitney U test, 95% confidence interval; *p < 0.05. e Heatmap displayed the relative expression levels of marker genes in different clusters of cholangiocytes (top, color-coded by cluster and condition), with exemplar genes labeled (right). Columns denote cells; rows denote genes. f Violin plots showing the expression levels of enriched marker genes across distinct cholangiocyte subpopulations. g Flow cytometry analysis and cell sorting of primary CK19⁺DUOX2⁺ACE2⁺ cells in the livers of three wild-type mice and three control patients. Mouse: n = 3 mouse liver samples, Human: n = 3 human liver samples; Plotted: mean ± SEM. h Representative photomicrographs of sorted primary human CK19⁺DUOX2⁺ACE2⁺ cells that had been analyzed using RNAscope with probes for CK19 (purple), DUOX2 (red) and ACE2 (green). Scale bars: 10 μm. n = 3 independent experiments. i Representative photomicrographs of sorted primary mouse Ck19⁺Duox2⁺Ace2⁺ cells and human CK19⁺DUOX2⁺ACE2⁺ cells analyzed using multiplex immunofluorescence (IF) with antibodies against CK19 (purple), DUOX2 (red) and ACE2 (green). Scale bars: 10 μm. n = 3 independent experiments. j Specific cholangiocyte markers, Ck7 and Sox9, were highly expressed in primary mouse Ck19⁺Duox2⁺Ace2⁺ cells, but not in primary mouse hepatocytes. Plotted: mean ± SEM. n = 3 independent experiments; Statistics: two-tailed independent-sample Student’s t test, 95% confidence interval; **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.