Table 2.

Plant proteins and respective genes in the phytoremediation of heavy metals.

Protein	Plant	Gene	Contaminant	Reference
Natural resistance–Associated Macrophage Proteins	Arabidopsis thaliana	AtNramp1, 3, 4, and 6	Cd	Zhang et al., 2020b
Natural resistance–associated macrophage proteins	Oryza sativa	OsNramp1, 2, and 5	Cd	Sasaki et al., 2012; Chang et al., 2020; Chang et al., 2022
Natural resistance–associated macrophage proteins	Hordeum vulgare	HvNramp5	Cd	Wu et al., 2016; Kintlová et al., 2021
Rubber elongation factor (REF)	Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.), Nicotiana tabacum	MuSI	Cd, Cu	Seo et al., 2010; Kim et al., 2011
Phytochelatin synthase	Sesbania rostrata	PCS1	Cd and Zn	Li et al., 2009
Metallothionein and phytochelatin synthase	Azolla pinnata and Azolla filiculoides	MT2 and PCS1	Ni, Zn, Cu, and Cd	Talebi et al., 2019
Phytochelatin synthase	Nicotiana tabacum	PCS1	Cd and As	Shukla et al., 2012
Phytochelatin synthase	Arabidopsis	PCS1	Cd and heavy metal(loid)s	Shukla et al., 2013
Phytochelatin synthase	Ipomoea pescaprae	PCS	Cd	Su et al., 2020
Fusion protein (bacterial mercury transporter MerC and a plant SNARE SYP121)	Arabidopsis	MerC-SYP121	Hg	Uraguchi et al., 2019
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter	Arabidopsis thaliana and Populus tomentosa	PtABCC1	Hg	Sun et al., 2018
Calmodulin-binding protein NtCBP4	Nicotiana tabacum and Arabidopsis thaliana	NtCBP4 and AtCNGC1	Pb	Kumar et al., 2022a
Na+/H+ antiporter	Salvinia minima Baker	SmNhaD	Pb	Leal-Alvarado et al., 2018
Glucocorticoid receptors and cytokinin-beta-glucosidase	Nicotiana langsdorffii	Glucocorticoid receptor gene and rolC gene	Cr	Del Bubba et al., 2013