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. 2023 Jan 27;14:1050540. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1050540

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Copyright © 2023 Wang, Wang and Chakrabarti

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Epigenetic regulation of endothelial to mesenchymal transition. Induction and maintenance of EndMT is facilitated by changes in epigenetic regulation. Stimuli such as TGF-β, NOTCH, WNT, ET-1, inflammatory cytokines, which may result from hyperglycemia can effect changes in epigenetic regulation, resulting in persistently altered patterns of gene expression. Different epigenetic mechanisms also reciprocally regulate one another. DNA methylation, and histone modifications can influence the transcription of ncRNAs, while ncRNAs can regulate the proteins required for covalent modifications of DNA and histones. Different types of ncRNAs regulate also each other, with circRNAs and lncRNAs sponging miRNAs while miRNAs can target circRNAs and lncRNAs for degradation.