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. 2023 Feb 9;13:2309. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-29357-7

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The SUMO alphas exhibit different cellular localization patterns from those associated with their prototypical isoform. HEK293A cells were transfected with expression constructs coding for YFP-fusion forms of either the prototypical SUMO proteins or their associated SUMO alpha isoforms. At 24 h post-transfection, the cells were fixed, permeabilized, treated with Phalloidin (a bicyclic peptide that stains all types of actin filaments) and DAPI (a DNA-binding fluorescent dye), and images were captured by confocal microscopy. The images provided constitute representative fields. (a) YFP-SUMO1 and YFP- SUMO1α. (b) YFP-SUMO2 and YFP- SUMO2α. (c) YFP-SUMO3 and YFP- SUMO3α. The fluorescence associated to each marker and its respective color representation are as follows: DAPI, blue; Phalloidin, red; YFP, green.