TABLE 7.
Preclinical studies of combined application in promoting tendon-bone healing.
| Intervening measure | Method of delivery | Treatment outcomes | Animal model | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRP combined with BMSCs | Local administration | The combination of PRP and BSCs promoted more maturation of the tendon-bone interface, and more newly formed bone was found in the bone tunnel wall. | Rabbit ACL reconstruction | Teng et al. (2016) |
| Cortical demineralised bone matrix used with minimally manipulated MSCs | Local administration | The use of DBM with minimally treated MSCs promotes healing at the sineon-bone interface with superior mechanical and histological results. | Ovine patellar tendon repair model | Thangarajah et al. (2016) |
| ADSCs, PRP, and Extracellular Matrix Hydrogel | Local administration | Combined application showed greater repair capacity and biocompatibility. | Rat achilles tendon repair model | McGoldrick et al. (2017) |
| Kartogenin (KGN) and PRP | Local administration | KGN-PRP can induce the formation of fibrocartilage. | Rat achilles tendon repair model | Zhang et al. (2017b) |
| Kartogenin (KGN) with PRP | Local administration | KGN with PRP as the carrier promoted the formation of fibrochondral band between tendon graft and bone interface. | Rat achilles tendon repair model | Zhou et al. (2017) |
| Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1)-releasing collagen-silk (CSF) scaffold combined with intra-articular injection of LSPCs | Local administration | This treatment strategy also improved cartilage degeneration and reduced the severity of joint fibrosis. | Rabbit ACL reconstruction | Hu et al. (2018) |
| DBM and BMSCs | Local administration | MSCs-enhanced DBM improved RC healing after 6 weeks and brought bone density in the RC back to pre-injury levels. | Rat RC repair model | Thangarajah et al. (2018) |
| BMP-12-overexpressing MSCs loaded 3D-printed PLGA scaffolds | Local administration | The 3D-printed PLGA scaffold supported by BMSCs overexpressing BMP-12 can promote the healing of the tendon—bone interface, improve collagen tissue and increase fibrocartilage in rabbit trochanteric sleeve repair. | Rabbit RC repair model | Chen et al. (2019) |
| MSCs and PRP | Local administration | Combination therapy induced the strongest signals associated with angiogenesis, bone formation, and in situ tendon formation. | Rat RC repair model | Han et al. (2019a) |
| BMP-2 and PRF | Local administration | The combination of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and PRF (PRF) therapy has a synergistic effect on sineotone-bone healing and has great potential in the treatment of ACL reconstruction. | Rat ACL reconstruction | Han et al. (2019b) |
| Simvastatin and PRP | Local administration | Simvastatin combined with PRP can induce chondrogenesis of BMSCs and promote fibrochondrogenesis in vivo. | Rat achilles tendon repair model | Zhang et al. (2019c) |
| Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) scaffolds loaded with BMSCs | Local implanting | The implantation of BMSCs-PLGA scaffolds promoted collagen formation, increased collagen diameter at the tendon-bone interface, and improved biomechanical properties of the regenerated tendons. | Rabbit RC repair model | Chen et al. (2020) |
| Hierarchically demineralized cortical bone coated with stem cell-derived extracellular matrix (hDCB-ECM) | Local administration | hDCB-ECM promotes the formation of bone and fibrocartilage at the tendon-bone interface. | Rabbit RC repair model | He et al. (2021) |