Table 2. Summary of Clinical Data and ORN Characteristics Following PRT.
Patient No. | ORN | Calculated radiation dose to ORN site, GyRBE | Etiology | Time to ORN, mo | Management of ORN | Follow-up, mo | Outcome at last follow-up | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Laterality | Location | Clinical presentation | Grade at initial diagnosis | Mean | Maximum | ||||||
1 | I/L | Maxillary anterior | Avulsed tooth | 1 | 76.5 | 81.2 | Spontaneous | 41 | CHX | 36 | Complete resolution |
2 | I/L | Mandibular posterior | Pain, EBA (3 × 1 cm) | 2 | 60.9 | 66.2 | Spontaneous | 2 | CHX, ABX | 25 | Progression |
3 | I/L | Mandibular posterior | Pain, purulent discharge EBA (1 × 1 cm) | 2 | 57.1 | 69.3 | Spontaneous | 42 | CHX, ABX, PENT-E | 32 | Progression |
4 | I/L | Mandibular ramus | Asymptomatic | 0 | 68.1 | 69.4 | Spontaneous | 24 | CHX | 31 | Stable |
5 | I/L | Mandibular posterior | Pain, purulent discharge | 2 | 57.6 | 66.2 | Spontaneous | 7 | CHX, ABX | 42 | Progression |
6 | C/L | Maxillary posterior | Draining fistula | 3 | 73.9 | 79.0 | Spontaneous | 35 | CHX, ABX, surgical resection + graft | 35 | Complete resolution |
7 | I/L | Mandibular posterior | Pain, tooth mobility, EBA (1.5 × 1 cm) | 2 | 52.5 | 72.9 | Spontaneous | 6 | CHX, ABX, debridement, PENT-E | 35 | Complete resolution |
8 | I/L | Mandibular posterior | Pain, EBA (2 × 2 cm) | 2 | 45.1 | 73.6 | Spontaneous | 6 | CHX, ABX, PENT-E, HBOT | 58 | Progression |
9 | I/L | Mandibular posterior | EBA (0.8 × 1 cm) | 1 | 57.1 | 71.3 | Spontaneous | 40 | CHX, PENT-E | 36 | Stable |
10 | I/L | Mandibular posterior | Pain, swelling, purulent discharge | 2 | 62.7 | 69.8 | Spontaneous | 45 | CHX, ABX, PENT-E | 0 | Stable |
11 | I/L | Mandibular posterior | Swelling | 2 | 64.8 | 68.5 | Spontaneous | 17 | CHX, ABX, PENT-E | 16 | Stable |
12 | I/L | Maxillary posterior | 3 EBAs (0.3 × 0.3 cm, 0.2 × 0.3 cm, 0.1 × 0.5 cm) | 1 | 45.5 | 61.8 | Spontaneous | 83 | CHX, PENT-E | 11 | Stable |
13 | I/L | Mandibular posterior | Pain, tooth mobility | 2 | 66.6 | 69.1 | Spontaneous | 74 | CHX, ABX | 7 | Stable |
Abbreviations: ABX, antibiotics; CHX, chlorhexidine; C/L, contralateral; EBA, exposed bone area; GyRBE, gray relative biological effectiveness; HBOT, hyperbaric oxygen therapy; I/L, ipsilateral; ORN, osteoradionecrosis; PENT-E, pentoxifylline–vitamin E.