TABLE 3.

Main category, category and subcategory

Main category	Category	Subcategory
Busyness	Labour power shortages	High number of patients per nurse Insufficient number of nurses Insufficient personnel replenishment Unbalanced manpower allocation High turnover rate of nurses
	Excessive workload	Excessively repetitive work Ambiguous task classification Insufficient consideration of patient's severity Excessive administrative work
Educational challenges	Lack of education for nurses	Lack of systematic education Lack of specific case‐focused education Lack of periodic retraining
	Incomprehensive nursing curriculum	Lack of a regular curriculum Focus on a disease‐oriented curriculum Lack of theoretical education Lack of clinical training Lack of a practical and specific curriculum
Lack of awareness	Lack of nurses' awareness of person‐centred care	Task‐oriented care Obligatory care Disease‐oriented care Impersonal care Principled care
	Lack of patients' awareness of nurses' roles	Recognition of nurses as the doctor's assistants Recognition of nurses as the person administering medication
Lack of relationship building	Lack of respect for patients	Lack of interest in patients Lack of explanation about the process of care Lack of individual care Inappropriate attitude towards patients
	Lack of communication skills	Difficulty in interacting with patients Lack of training in communication skills Lack of empathy towards patients
Lack of policy approaches	Institutional issues	Absence of laws on the number of patients per nurse Absence of laws for adjusting the number of nurses according to patient's severity Insufficient hospital system for person‐centred care
	Inadequate working environment	Poor treatment of nurses Arduous working conditions of nurses