TABLE 5.

Effects of heritage language experience on heritage language and English cultural identification.

	Estimate	SE	df	t	p
(Intercept)	7.20	0.22	58	32.38	<0.001	***
Language	−0.96	0.44	58	−2.16	0.035	*
Heritage group	−0.33	0.46	58	−0.71	0.480
Expressive proficiency	0.55	0.28	58	1.95	0.056	~
Receptive proficiency	−0.11	0.34	58	−0.33	0.746
AoA	0.24	0.23	58	1.04	0.303
Immersion	−0.28	0.21	58	−1.32	0.191
Family	0.07	0.22	58	0.31	0.758
Friends	0.34	0.24	58	1.42	0.161
Media	−0.04	0.23	58	−0.17	0.862
Reading	−0.25	0.25	58	−1.00	0.321
Individual	0.28	0.26	58	1.08	0.284
Language:Heritage	0.27	0.92	58	0.30	0.765
Language:Expressive	0.47	0.56	58	0.83	0.410
Heritage:Expressive	−0.17	0.60	58	−0.28	0.783
Language:Receptive	−1.29	0.68	58	−1.88	0.065	~
Heritage:Receptive	0.76	0.73	58	1.04	0.302
Language:AoA	0.13	0.47	58	0.27	0.786
Heritage:AoA	1.27	0.45	58	2.83	0.006	**
Language:Immersion	−0.12	0.42	58	−0.29	0.777
Heritage:Immersion	−0.36	0.42	58	−0.85	0.400
Language:Family	1.02	0.44	58	2.34	0.023	*
Heritage:Family	−0.94	0.47	58	−2.01	0.050	~
Language:Friends	−0.09	0.47	58	−0.19	0.854
Heritage:Friends	0.59	0.50	58	1.19	0.238
Language:Media	−0.48	0.46	58	−1.04	0.302
Heritage:Media	−0.65	0.47	58	−1.39	0.169
Language:Reading	0.47	0.51	58	0.92	0.361
Heritage:Readinsg	−0.43	0.49	58	−0.87	0.388
Language:Individual	−0.01	0.52	58	−0.02	0.988
Heritage:Individual	−0.13	0.51	58	−0.25	0.802
Language:Heritage:Expressive	−0.43	1.19	58	−0.37	0.716
Language:Heritage:Receptive	3.46	1.45	58	2.39	0.020	*
Language:Heritage:AoA	1.40	0.89	58	1.56	0.124
Language:Heritage:Immersion	−1.31	0.84	58	−1.57	0.122
Language:Heritage:Family	−1.45	0.93	58	−1.57	0.123
Language:Heritage:Friends	0.71	0.99	58	0.72	0.477
Language:Heritage:Media	−0.34	0.93	58	−0.37	0.715
Language:Heritage:Reading	−2.03	0.98	58	−2.08	0.042	*
Language:Heritage:Individual	1.76	1.01	58	1.74	0.086

^~p < 0.08

^*p < 0.05

^**p < 0.01

^***p < 0.001.