TABLE 6.

Effects of relative language experience (English—HL) on heritage language and English cultural identification.

	Estimate	SE	df	t	p
(Intercept)	7.31	0.22	116	33.05	<0.001	***
Language	−0.86	0.44	116	−1.95	0.053	~
Heritage	−0.41	0.46	116	−0.90	0.369
Expressive proficiency	−0.29	0.31	116	−0.94	0.352
Receptive proficiency	0.07	0.40	116	0.17	0.867
AoA	0.12	0.24	116	0.51	0.611
Immersion	0.64	0.27	116	2.39	0.019	*
Family	0.03	0.25	116	0.14	0.888
Friends	−0.24	0.25	116	−0.93	0.352
Media	0.06	0.25	116	0.23	0.815
Reading	0.21	0.24	116	0.89	0.376
Individual	−0.10	0.23	116	−0.45	0.657
Language:Heritage	0.24	0.92	116	0.26	0.796
Language:Expressive	−0.22	0.61	116	−0.36	0.717
Heritage:Expressive	0.12	0.63	116	0.18	0.856
Language:Receptive	1.15	0.79	116	1.45	0.151
Heritage:Receptive	−1.15	0.84	116	−1.37	0.175
Language:AoA	0.12	0.47	116	0.26	0.794
Heritage:AoA	0.11	0.48	116	0.24	0.811
Language:Immersion	0.46	0.53	116	0.86	0.393
Heritage:Immersion	0.77	0.55	116	1.41	0.163
Language:Family	−0.69	0.49	116	−1.40	0.165
Heritage:Family	1.20	0.51	116	2.34	0.021	*
Language:Friends	0.21	0.51	116	0.42	0.678
Heritage:Friends	−0.39	0.53	116	−0.72	0.470
Language:Media	0.24	0.50	116	0.49	0.627
Heritage:Media	0.58	0.50	116	1.15	0.252
Language:Reading	−0.31	0.47	116	−0.66	0.509
Heritage:Reading	0.18	0.47	116	0.37	0.709
Language:Individual	0.32	0.46	116	0.70	0.486
Heritage:Individual	−0.24	0.46	116	−0.53	0.598
Language:Heritage:Expressive	0.79	1.27	116	0.62	0.534
Language:Heritage:Receptive	−3.50	1.69	116	−2.07	0.041	*
Language:Heritage:AoA	−0.65	0.96	116	−0.68	0.499
Language:Heritage:Immersion	0.87	1.10	116	0.79	0.430
Language:Heritage:Family	0.80	1.02	116	0.78	0.435
Language:Heritage:Friends	−1.35	1.07	116	−1.27	0.208
Language:Heritage:Media	0.39	1.00	116	0.39	0.697
Language:Heritage:Reading	1.59	0.94	116	1.69	0.093
Language:Heritage:Individual	−0.33	0.92	116	−0.36	0.720

^~p < 0.08

^*p < 0.05

^***p < 0.001.