Fig. 6.

Mfn2 mediated inactivation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) involved in the pro-autophagic effect of Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides. A Mfn2 expression was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blotting. B The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway-related protein levels were determined by western blotting. C Fluorescent localization of the autophagosome (yellow) and autolysosome (red) using the GFP-mRFP-LC3 probe. D Autophagy-related protein levels, including LC3 and p62, were determined by western blotting. Data are shown as the mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 by Student’s t test or one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s post hoc test