Table 3.
Unadjusted HR (95% CI) | p | Adjusted HR(95% CI) | p | |
Motor fluctuations | 2.616 (1.329–5.148) | 0.005 | 2.461 (1.065–5.678) | 0.035 |
Dyskinesia | 2.792 (1.365–5.711) | 0.005 | 2.145 (0.905–5.085) | 0.083 |
Severe or very severe NMSB (NMSS > 40) | 2.871 (1.400–5.890) | 0.004 | 2.645 (1.154–6.103) | 0.022 |
Very severe NMSB (NMSS > 70) | 2.925 (1.477–5.791) | 0.002 | 2.828 (1.319–6.063) | 0.008 |
FOG | 1.489 (0.757–2.930) | 0.249 | 1.117 (0.496–2.518) | 0.789 |
Falls | 3.262 (1.590–6.696) | 0.001 | 3.966 (1.757–8.470) | 0.001 |
Dysphagia | 2.843 (1.450–5.575) | 0.002 | 2.356 (1.124–4.941) | 0.023 |
Major depression | 2.159 (1.033–4.515) | 0.041 | 1.934 (0.855–4.377) | 0.113 |
Cognitive impairment (PD-CRS≤84) | 1.493 (0.743–3.002) | 0.260 | 1.160 (0.514–2.615) | 0.721 |
HY-OFF from 3 to 5 | 1.331 (0.463–3.826) | 0.595 | 0.703 (0.187–1.719) | 0.602 |
UPDRS-III-OFF > 20 | 2.800 (1.258–6.233) | 0.012 | 3.644 (1.430–9.284) | 0.007* |
Functional dependency | 2.118 (0.877–5.116) | 0.095 | 1.894 (0.675–5.318) | 0.225 |
Age, gender, disease duration, LEDD (levodopa equivalent daily dose), total number of non-anti parkinsonian drugs (as a marker of comorbidity) and UPDRS-III-OFF were included in the model as covariates. *For this analysis the UPDRS-III-OFF was not included in the model. FOG, freezing of gait; HR, Hazard ratio; NMSB, non-motor symptoms burden; NMSS, Non-Motor Symptoms Scale; PD-CRS, Parkinson’s Disease Cognitive Rating Scale; UPDRS, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale.