Table 1.
Comparison of baseline characteristics between preexisting statin users and nonusers before and after propensity matching
| Patient characteristics | Before propensity matching | After propensity matching, sampling with replacement, covariate-adjusted | ||||||||
| Preexisting use of statins | Preexisting use of statins | |||||||||
| Yes | No | Cohort | Std difa | P-value | Yes | No | Cohort | Std difa | Adjusted P-value | |
| (n = 11 533) | (n = 27 342) | (n = 38 875) | (n = 11 533) | (n = 11 533) | (n = 23 066) | |||||
| Demographics | ||||||||||
| Age (mean ± SD) | 70.82 ± 12.25 | 58.44 ± 18.27 | 62.11 ± 17.64 | −0.70 | <0.0001 | 70.82 ± 12.25 | 70.19 ± 13.26 | 70.50 ± 12.77 | −0.04 | <0.001 |
| Age range [no. (%)] | <0.0001 | <0.001 | ||||||||
| 18–30 | 19 (0.2) | 2152 (7.9) | 2171 (5.6) | −10.55 | 19 (0.2) | 51 (0.4) | 70 (0.3) | −1.03 | ||
| 31–50 | 688 (6.0) | 7201 (26.3) | 7889 (20.3) | −2.93 | 688 (6.0) | 697 (6.0) | 1385 (6.0) | −0.01 | ||
| 51–64 | 2662 (23.1) | 7428 (27.2) | 10 090 (26.0) | −1.07 | 2662 (23.1) | 2800 (24.3) | 5462 (23.7) | −0.05 | ||
| 65–74 | 3353 (29.1) | 4495 (16.4) | 7848 (20.2) | −0.29 | 3353 (29.1) | 3225 (28.0) | 6578 (28.5) | 0.04 | ||
| 75–84 | 3155 (27.4) | 3572 (13.1) | 6727 (17.3) | −0.12 | 3155 (27.4) | 2993 (26.0) | 6148 (26.7) | 0.05 | ||
| ≥85 | 1656 (14.4) | 2494 (9.1) | 4150 (10.7) | −0.41 | 1656 (14.4) | 1767 (15.3) | 3423 (14.8) | −0.06 | ||
| BMI (mean ± SD) | 30.30 ± 7.33 | 30.90 ± 7.93 | 30.7 ± 7.7 | 0.07 | <0.001 | 30.30 ± 7.33 | 30.07 ± 7.59 | 30.18 ± 7.46 | −0.03 | 0.53 |
| BMI range [no. (%)] | <0.001 | <0.01 | ||||||||
| <18.5 | 214 (1.9) | 625 (2.3) | 839 (2.2) | −1.12 | 214 (1.9) | 343 (2.1) | 457 (2.0) | −0.60 | ||
| 18.5–24.9 | 2540 (22.0) | 5558 (20.3) | 8098 (20.8) | −0.80 | 2540 (22.0) | 2760 (23.5) | 5246 (22.7) | −0.08 | ||
| 25–29.9 | 3603 (31.2) | 8152 (29.8) | 11 755 (30.2) | −0.84 | 3603 (31.2) | 3581 (31.1) | 7184 (31.1) | 0.01 | ||
| 30+ | 5176 (44.9) | 13 007 (47.6) | 18 183 (46.8) | −0.95 | 5176 (44.9) | 5003 (43.4) | 10 179 (44.1) | 0.03 | ||
| Gender [no. (%)] | 0.01 | 0.07 | ||||||||
| Female | 5431 (47.1) | 13 262 (48.5) | 18 693 (48.1) | −0.92 | 5431 (47.1) | 5565 (48.3) | 10 996 (47.7) | −0.02 | ||
| Male | 6102 (52.9) | 14 080 (51.5) | 20 182 (51.9) | −0.86 | 6102 (52.9) | 5968 (51.7) | 12 070 (52.3) | 0.02 | ||
| Race [no. (%)] | <0.001 | <0.67 | ||||||||
| Asian | 248 (2.2) | 457 (1.7) | 705 (1.8) | −0.62 | 248 (2.2) | 237 (2.1) | 485 (2.1) | 0.05 | ||
| Black not Hispanic | 2296 (19.9) | 5478 (20.0) | 7774 (20.0) | −0.90 | 2296 (19.9) | 2344 (20.3) | 4640 (20.1) | −0.02 | ||
| Other | 397 (3.4) | 1291 (4.7) | 1688 (34.0) | −1.25 | 397 (3.4) | 423 (3.7) | 820 (3.6) | −0.06 | ||
| White not Hispanic | 5422 (47.0) | 9201 (33.7) | 14 623 (37.6) | −0.54 | 5422 (47.0) | 5351 (46.4) | 10 773 (46.7) | 0.01 | ||
| Hispanic | 2980 (25.8) | 10 250 (37.5) | 13 230 (34.0) | −1.32 | 2980 (25.8) | 2967 (25.7) | 5947 (25.8) | 0.00 | ||
| Unknown | 190 (1.6) | 665 (2.4) | 855 (2.2) | −1.34 | 190 (1.6) | 211 (1.8) | 401 (1.7) | −0.10 | ||
| Smoking status [no. (%)] | <0.001 | <0.01 | ||||||||
| Nonsmoker | 8984 (77.9) | 20 832 (76.2) | 29 816 (76.7) | −0.87 | 8984 (77.9) | 8816 (76.4) | 17 800 (77.2) | 0.02 | ||
| Smoker | 522 (4.5) | 1919 (7.0) | 2441 (6.3) | −1.40 | 522 (4.5) | 587 (5.1) | 1109 (4.8) | −0.12 | ||
| Unknown | 2027 (17.6) | 4591 (16.8) | 6618 (17.0) | −0.84 | 2027 (17.6) | 2130 (18.5) | 4157 (18.0) | −0.05 | ||
| Payer type [no. (%)] | <0.0001 | <0.05 | ||||||||
| Blue Cross | 281 (2.4) | 1029 (3.8) | 1310 (3.4) | −1.39 | 281 (2.4) | 305 (2.6) | 586 (2.5) | −0.08 | ||
| Charity | 20 (0.2) | 277 (1.0) | 297 (0.8) | −3.45 | 20 (0.2) | 20 (0.2) | 40 (0.2) | 0.00 | ||
| Commercial | 33 (0.3) | 183 (0.7) | 216 (0.6) | −1.93 | 33 (0.3) | 27 (0.2) | 60 (0.3) | 0.20 | ||
| Medicaid | 583 (5.1) | 3426 (12.5) | 4009 (10.3) | −2.01 | 583 (5.1) | 639 (5.5) | 1222 (5.3) | −0.09 | ||
| Medicare | 8382 (72.7) | 10 797 (39.5) | 19 179 (49.3) | −0.25 | 8382 (72.7) | 8170 (70.8) | 16 552 (71.8) | 0.03 | ||
| Others | 2174 (18.9) | 11 177 (40.9) | 13 351 (34.3) | −1.83 | 2174 (18.9) | 2307 (20.0) | 4481 (19.4) | −0.06 | ||
| Self-pay | 28 (0.2) | 342 (1.3) | 370 (1.0) | −3.21 | 28 (0.2) | 40 (0.3) | 68 (0.3) | −0.36 | ||
| Worker's compensation | 32 (0.3) | 111 (0.4) | 143 (0.4) | −1.33 | 32 (0.3) | 25 (0.2) | 57 (0.2) | 0.25 | ||
| Comorbidities [no. (%)] | ||||||||||
| Atrial fibrillation | 2605 (22.6) | 3437 (12.6) | 6042 (15.5) | −0.27 | <0.001 | 2605 (22.6) | 2528 (21.9) | 5133 (22.3) | −0.01 | 0.22 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 2309 (20.0) | 2847 (10.4) | 5156 (13.3) | −0.01 | <0.001 | 2309 (20.0) | 2127 (18.4) | 4436 (19.2) | −0.04 | 0.002 |
| Congestive heart failure | 2802 (24.3) | 3452 (12.6) | 6254 (16.1) | −0.31 | <0.001 | 2802 (24.3) | 2564 (22.2) | 5366 (23.3) | −0.04 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 6934 (60.1) | 9949 (36.4) | 16 883 (43.4) | −0.28 | 0.0001 | 6934 (60.1) | 6551 (56.8) | 13 485 (58.5) | −0.06 | <0.001 |
| Malignancy | 465 (4.0) | 899 (3.3) | 1364 (3.5) | −0.47 | <0.001 | 465 (4.0) | 508 (4.4) | 973 (4.2) | 0.01 | 0.15 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 743 (6.4) | 901 (3.3) | 1644 (4.2) | −0.04 | <0.001 | 743 (6.4) | 654 (5.7) | 1397 (6.1) | −0.03 | 0.01 |
| Previous myocardial infarction | 1365 (11.8) | 1828 (6.7) | 3193 (8.2) | −0.18 | <0.001 | 1365 (11.8) | 1251 (10.8) | 2616 (10.1) | −0.03 | 0.01 |
| Renal disease | 3222 (27.9) | 3885 (14.2) | 7107 (18.3) | −0.15 | <0.001 | 3222 (27.9) | 2948 (25.6) | 6170 (26.7) | −0.05 | <0.001 |
| Stroke (cerebral infarction) | 170 (1.5) | 351 (1.3) | 521 (1.3) | −0.35 | 0.13 | 170 (1.5) | 180 (1.6) | 350 (1.5) | 0.00 | 0.59 |
a
Standardized difference adjusted covariates: age, BMI, gender, race, smoking status, payer type, and comorbidities.