Table 2.
Clinical outcomes before and after propensity matching with replacement between statin users and nonusers
| Outcomes | Before propensity matching, covariate unadjusted analysis (n = 38 875) | After propensity matching with replacement, covariate unadjusted analysis (n = 23 066) | ||||||||
| Preexisting use of statins | Preexisting use of statins | |||||||||
| Yes | No | Cohort | Std difa | P-value | Yes | No | Cohort | Std difa | P-value | |
| (n = 11 533) | (n = 27 342) | (n = 38 875) | (n = 11 533) | (n = 11 533) | (n = 23 066) | |||||
| Primary [no. (%)] | ||||||||||
| All-cause mortality | 2032 (17.6) | 3611 (13.2) | 5643 (14.5) | -0.12 | <0.001 | 2032 (17.6) | 2316 (20.1) | 4348 (18.9) | 0.06 | <0.001 |
| Secondary [no. (%)] | ||||||||||
| In-hospital mortality from COVID-19 | 1430 (12.4) | 2727 (10.0) | 4157 (10.7) | −0.65 | <0.001 | 1430 (12.4) | 1672 (14.5) | 3102 (13.4) | −0.15 | <0.001 |
| Discharge to hospice | 927 (8.0) | 1454 (5.3) | 2381 (6.1) | −0.45 | <0.001 | 927 (8.0) | 992 (8.6) | 1919 (8.3) | −0.06 | <0.001 |
| ICU admission | 4139 (35.9) | 9510 (34.8) | 136 469 (35.1) | −0.02 | 0.03 | 4139 (35.9) | 4500 (39.0) | 8639 (37.5) | 0.06 | <0.001 |
| Mild/moderate ARDS with COVID-19 | 7394 (64.1) | 17 832 (65.2) | 25 226 (64.9) | −0.90 | 0.11 | 7394 (64.1) | 7033 (61.0) | 14 427 (62.5) | 0.05 | <0.001 |
| Severe ARDS with COVID-19 | 2646 (22.9) | 6059 (22.2) | 8705 (22.4) | −0.85 | 0.11 | 2646 (22.9) | 2764 (24.0) | 5410 (23.5) | −0.04 | <0.001 |
| Critical ARDS with COVID-19 | 1493 (12.9) | 3451 (12.6) | 4944 (12.7) | −0.86 | 0.11 | 1493 (12.9) | 1736 (15.1) | 3229 (14.0) | −0.15 | <0.001 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 1737 (15.1) | 3986 (14.6) | 5723 (14.7) | −0.01 | 0.22 | 1737 (15.1) | 2049 (17.8) | 3786 (16.4) | 0.07 | <0.001 |
| Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation | 3 (0.0) | 26 (0.1) | 29 (0.1%) | 0.02 | 0.02 | 3 (0.0) | 8 (0.1) | 11 (0.0) | 0.01 | 0.13 |
| Severe sepsis | 416 (3.6) | 911 (3.3) | 1327 (3.4) | −0.01 | 0.17 | 416 (3.6) | 507 (4.4) | 923 (4.0) | 0.04 | 0.002 |
| Severe sepsis without septic shock | 58 (0.5) | 140 (0.5) | 198 (0.5) | 0.00 | 0.90 | 58 (0.5) | 81 (0.7) | 139 (0.6) | 0.02 | 0.05 |
| Severe sepsis with septic shock | 358 (3.1) | 772 (2.8) | 1130 (2.9) | −0.01 | 0.13 | 358 (3.1) | 426 (3.7) | 784 (3.4) | 0.03 | 0.01 |
| Acute kidney injury | 454 (3.9) | 812 (3.0) | 1266 (3.3) | −0.05 | <0.001 | 454 (3.9) | 531 (4.6) | 985 (4.3) | 0.03 | 0.01 |
| Thrombosis | 32 (0.3) | 99 (0.4) | 131 (0.3) | 0.01 | 0.18 | 32 (0.3) | 51 (0.4) | 83 (0.4) | 0.02 | 0.03 |
| Pulmonary embolism | 43 (0.4) | 102 (0.4) | 145 (0.4) | 0.00 | 0.99 | 43 (0.4) | 53 (0.5) | 96 (0.4) | 0.01 | 0.30 |
| Disseminated intravascular coagulation | 24 (0.2) | 52 (0.2) | 76 (0.2) | −0.00 | 0.71 | 24 (0.2) | 23 (0.2) | 47 (0.2) | −0.00 | 0.88 |
| Hospital length of stay | 9.87 ± 8.94 | 9.30 ± 9.76 | 9.47 ± 9.53 | −0.06 | <0.001 | 9.87 ± 8.94 | 10.44 ± 9.53 | 10.15 ± 9.2 | 0.06 | <0.001 |
| Duration of mechanical ventilation | 8.90 ± 8.94 | 10.46 ± 10.91 | 9.99 ± 10.3 | 0.15 | <0.001 | 8.90 ± 8.94 | 10.20 ± 10.17 | 9.60 ± 9.65 | 0.13 | <0.001 |
ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019.
a
Standardized difference.