Table 4.
Ceftazidime–avibactam usage by indication
| Characteristic | cIAI (n = 90) |
cUTI (n = 103) |
HAP/VAP (n = 114) |
Other (n = 209)a |
Total (n = 516) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Use of ceftazidime–avibactam overall, n (%) | |||||
| Monotherapy | 26 (28.9) | 68 (66.0) | 25 (21.9) | 39 (18.7) | 158 (30.6) |
| Combination therapy | 64 (71.1) | 35 (34.0) | 89 (78.1) | 170 (81.3) | 358 (69.4) |
| Gram-negative coverage | 22 (24.4) | 17 (16.5) | 43 (37.7) | 94 (45.0) | 176 (34.1) |
| Other coverageb | 17 (18.9) | 8 (7.8) | 19 (16.7) | 20 (9.6) | 64 (12.4) |
| Gram-negative and other coverage | 25 (27.8) | 10 (9.7) | 27 (23.7) | 56 (26.8) | 118 (22.9) |
| Total duration of administration of ceftazidime–avibactam (days), n (%) | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 13.6 (12.5) | 9.3 (5.7) | 10.3 (6.6) | 13.3 (14.3) | 11.9 (11.4) |
| Median | 9.5 | 7.0 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 9.0 |
| Q1, Q3 | 6.0, 16.0 | 6.0, 12.0 | 6.0, 12.0 | 7.0, 15.0 | 7.0, 14.0 |
| Total dose of ceftazidime–avibactam (g) | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 76.0 (76.5) | 42.6 (35.0) | 55.8 (41.3) | 69.3 (57.9) | 62.2 (55.8) |
| Median | 54.0 | 36.0 | 42.0 | 51.0 | 48.0 |
| Q1, Q3 | 30.0, 90.0 | 16.5, 60.0 | 30.0, 69.0 | 38.5, 84.0 | 30.0, 78.0 |
| Missing, nc | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Daily dose of ceftazidime–avibactam (g) | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 5.5 (1.3) | 4.5 (1.9) | 5.4 (1.4) | 5.4 (1.4) | 5.2 (1.5) |
| Median | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 |
| Q1, Q3 | 6.0, 6.0 | 3.0, 6.0 | 6.0, 6.0 | 6.0, 6.0 | 5.6, 6.0 |
| Missing, nc | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Patients with average daily dose of ceftazidime–avibactam < 4 g, n (%)d | 9 (10.0) | 39 (37.9) | 18 (15.8) | 28 (13.4) | 94 (18.2) |
| Outcome/reason for discontinuation of ceftazidime–avibactam, n (%) | |||||
| n | 89 | 103 | 113 | 201 | 506 |
| Adverse event | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.9) | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.6) |
| Perceived clinical failure/disease progression | 3 (3.4) | 1 (1.0) | 2 (1.8) | 4 (2.0) | 10 (2.0) |
| Isolation of a resistant bacteria | 4 (4.5) | 1 (1.0) | 3 (2.7) | 1 (0.5) | 9 (1.8) |
| Preference for empiric coverage | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.5) | 2 (0.4) |
| Secondary infection with regimen change | 1 (1.1) | 1 (1.0) | 5 (4.4) | 4 (2.0) | 11 (2.2) |
| Switch to oral therapy | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.0) | 1 (0.9) | 3 (1.5) | 5 (1.0) |
| De-escalation | 11 (12.4) | 11 (10.7) | 12 (10.6) | 25 (12.4) | 59 (11.7) |
| Cure | 54 (60.7) | 82 (79.6) | 58 (51.3) | 135 (67.2) | 329 (65.0) |
| Death | 11 (12.4) | 2 (1.9) | 22 (19.5) | 15 (7.5) | 50 (9.9) |
| Other | 4 (4.5) | 2 (1.9) | 9 (8.0) | 13 (6.5) | 28 (5.5) |
| Main antibiotics used in combination with ceftazidime–avibactam (≥ 10% of patients) | |||||
| Amikacin | 10 (11.1) | 8 (7.8) | 12 (10.5) | 28 (13.4) | 58 (11.2) |
| Vancomycin | 14 (15.6) | 8 (7.8) | 11 (9.6) | 32 (15.3) | 65 (12.6) |
| Aztreonam | 9 (10.0) | 11 (10.7) | 18 (15.8) | 66 (31.6) | 104 (20.2) |
| Metronidazole | 25 (27.8) | 5 (4.9) | 7 (6.1) | 23 (11.0) | 60 (11.6) |
| Colistin | 3 (3.3) | 2 (1.9) | 19 (16.7) | 36 (17.2) | 60 (11.6) |
BSI bloodstream infection, cIAI complicated intra-abdominal infection, cUTI complicated urinary tract infection, HAP hospital-acquired pneumonia, VAP ventilator-associated pneumonia, Q1 quartile one, Q3 quartile three, SD standard deviation
aIncludes patients with BSI/sepsis
bOther coverage included coverage for anaerobes, antiviral, antimycotic, and antiparasitic drugs
cTotal dose and average daily dose could not be computed for 2 patients treated after dialysis
dPatients with dose adjustments due to renal impairment