Table 1.
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the cohort divided by individuals treated with and without remdesivir (RDV).
| Parameter | RDV treatment (n = 1170) % (no.) | No RDV treatment (n = 8517) % (no.) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 0.562 | ||
| 18–45 years | 16.3 (191/1170) | 21.2 (1806/8517) | |
| 46 – 65 years | 40.3 (472/1170) | 34.1 (2903/8517) | |
| 66 – 85 years | 38.9 (455/1170) | 37.1 (3163/8517) | |
| > 85 years | 4.4 (52/1170) | 7.6 (645/8517) | |
| Gender | 0.241 | ||
| Male | 65.0 (760/1170) | 55.9 (4763/8517) | |
| Female | 35.0 (410/1170) | 44.1 (3754/8517) | |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Hypertension | 50.6 (578/1142) | 48.0 (3901/8136) | 0.821 |
| Chronic heart failure | 4.7 (53/1128) | 7.7 (622/8118) | 0.558 |
| Coronary heart disease | 13.8 (157/1134) | 13.9 (1127/8118) | 1.000 |
| Other cardiovascular disease | 15.9 (180/1131) | 18.9 (1535/8108) | 0.709 |
| Diabetes mellitus type 2 | 27.0 (301/1116) | 18.9 (1502/7958) | 0.233 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 17.8 (200/1124) | 13.9 (1130/8139) | 0.575 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 9.8 (110/1128) | 13.9 (1130/8150) | 0.498 |
| Oncological disease | 10.7 (121/1130) | 11.9 (972/8162) | 0.964 |
| Chronic liver disease | 2.8 (31/1129) | 1.7 (140/8164) | 0.962 |
| BMI | 0.158 | ||
| < 18,5 kg/m2 | 1.1 (8/727) | 2.2 (109/4906) | |
| 18,5–24,9 kg/m2 | 21.0 (153/727) | 32.6 (1600/4906) | |
| 25–29,9 kg/m2 | 34.4 (250/727) | 34.8 (1708/4906) | |
| > 30 kg/m2 | 43.5 (316/727) | 30.4 (1489/4906) | |
| Smoking history | 0.552 | ||
| Active smoker | 21.8 (95/435) | 17.4 (621/3,571) | |
| Former smoker | 18.9 (82/435) | 15.9 (568/3571) | |
| Non-smoker | 59.3 (258/435) | 66.7 (2382/3571) | |
| Pre-existing immunosuppressive therapy | |||
| Immunosuppressive therapy | 8.1 (90/1115) | 9.8 (769/7843) | 0.862 |
| Course of SARS-CoV-2 infection | |||
| Fatal outcome | 12.6 (147/1170) | 11.8 (1001/8517) | 1.000 |
| Phase* at first positive SARS-CoV-2 detection | 0.070 | ||
| Uncomplicated phase | 52.3 (607/1160) | 71.0 (6010/8462) | |
| Complicated phase | 40.3 (467/1160) | 22.5 (1903/8462) | |
| Critical phase | 7.4 (86/1160) | 5.9 (502/8462) | |
| Recovery phase | 0.0 (0/1160) | 0.3 (23/8462) | |
| Dead | 0.0 (0/1160) | 0.3 (24/8462) | |
| COVID-19 treatment | |||
| RDV | 100.0 (1170/1170) | 0.0 (0/8517) | < 0.001 |
| Steroids > 0.5 mg/kg prednisolone equivalents in the course of disease | 57.5 (627/1090) | 85.9 (6665/7763) | < 0.001 |
| Convalescent plasma | 3.9 (4.6/1,170) | 1.6 (134/8,517) | 0.574 |
| Other COVID-19 therapy | 4.1 (48/1170) | 2.0 (167/8517) | 0.651 |
| Anticoagulants | 0.068 | ||
| Therapeutic anticoagulation | 34.0 (389/1143) | 23.2 (1896/8164) | |
| Prophylactic anticoagulation | 47.4 (542/1143) | 45.3 (3701/8164) | |
| No anticoagulation | 18.6 (212/1143) | 31.4 (2567/8164) | |
| Context of SARS-CoV-2 infection | |||
| Time of first positive SARS-CoV-2 detection | < 0.001 | ||
| First phase of COVID-19 pandemic | 21.2 (248/1170) | 45.6 (3877/8509) | |
| Second phase of COVID-19 pandemic | 63.9 (747/1170) | 41.4 (3522/8509) | |
| Third phase of COVID-19 pandemic | 15.0 (175/1170) | 13.1 (1110/8509) | |
| Country of health care facility | 0.277 | ||
| Germany | 99.5 (1158/1164) | 96.4 (8172/8479) | |
| Other European countries | 0.5 (6/1164) | 1.9 (164/8479) | |
| Countries beyond Europe | 0.0 (0/1164) | 1.7 (143/8479) | |
| Type of healthcare facility | 0.087 | ||
| University hospital | 75.9 (883/1164) | 62.0 (5258/8474) | |
| Non-university hospital | 24.1 (280/1164) | 34.6 (2936/8474) | |
| Medical practice | 0.0 (1/1164) | 3.1 (261/8474) | |
| Institute | 0.0 (0/1164) | 0.2 (19/8474) |
Data are displayed for the original data after the application of the exclusion criteria and indicated as numbers (no.), referred to the numbers excluding missing data (details in table S13) and percentages (%). We performed a Chi2-test on the relative number of patients within each subgroup and report the p-values. First phase of the COVID-19 pandemic: January 2020-September 2020; second phase of COVID-19 pandemic: October 2020-Febuary 2021; third phase of COVID-19 pandemic: March 2021-December 2021; other COVID-19 therapy: IL-6R inhibitors, JAK-inhibitors or IL-1R inhibitors; other cardiovascular disease: aortic stenosis, AV block, carotid arterial disease, peripheral vascular disease and arterial fibrillation. *According to LEOSS (Figure S1)