| PBDEs |
Soft furnishings |
Distributed between the gas phase and PM, with the percentage of particle-bound PBDEs increasing with the increasing bromination number Higher levels in urban than rural areas Higher concentrations in indoor air than in outdoor air
|
[138,139] |
| PCBs |
Hazardous waste sites; improper dumping of wastes; leaks or fires from electrical transformers or capacitors; waste incineration and open burning |
Found in both gas and PM phases Higher levels in urban than rural areas Higher concentrations in indoor air than in outdoor air (10 to 100,000 fold)
|
[140,141,142] |
| PFAS |
Stain resistance coatings in soft furnishings, fabrics, and floor waxing |
More abundant in the PM than in the gas phase, with an increasing propensity for PM with the carbon chain length Indoor air concentrations half as high as outdoor air Highly concentrated in indoor dust
|
[143,144,145] |
| BPA |
Plastic consumer goods, bottles, sports equipment, coating pipes and food cans, thermal paper, and burning of plastic materials |
Found almost exclusively in PM10 Higher levels in urban than rural areas Higher atmospheric concentrations in cold season
|
[146,147,148] |
| Phthalates |
Plastics consumer goods, personal care products, and air fresheners |
Ubiquitous in indoor air More volatile phthalates (e.g., DBP) present in the gas phase and heavier phthalate (e.g., DEHP) predominant in PM Higher air concentrations at high ambient temperatures
|
[86,137,149,150] |
