Table 8.
Pain prevalence including patients in different phases of treatment (Group 7) (n = 79).
| % Pain | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study | Quality | Continent a | Setting b | Cancer c | Mean Age | Sample | None | Mild | Moderate | ModSev d | Severe | Overall |
| Aguilar, 2017 [237] | 16 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 61.7 | 23 | 20.3 | |||||
| Alemayehu, 2018 [238] | 18 | 5 | 1,2 | 1 | 43.5 | 390 | 31 e | 69 | ||||
| Armstrong, 2016 [239] | 15 | 1 | 2 | 11 | 621 | 15.6 | ||||||
| Bacorro, 2017 [240] | 15 | 3 | 1,2 | 2 | 51.8 | 100 | 53 | 26 | 9 | 21 | 12 | 47 |
| Batalini, 2017 [241] | 16 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 59 | 277 | 40 | |||||
| Bauml, 2015 [242] | 16 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 60.5 | 203 | 78.7 e | 21.3 | ||||
| Beesley, 2016 [243] | 15 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 67 | 116 | 32 | |||||
| Bhattacharya, 2019 [244] | 16 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 957 | 10.5 | ||||||
| Bonhof, 2018 [245] | 16 | 2 | 2 | 9 | 64.8 | 98 | 37.5 | |||||
| Bouhassira, 2017 [246] | 18 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 61.4 | 509 | 28.2 | |||||
| Boyes, 2015 [247] | 17 | 6 | 2 | 10 | 311 | 12 | ||||||
| Braamse–a, 2014 [248] Braamse–b, 2014 [248] |
16 16 |
2 2 |
2 2 |
10 10 |
55.4 57.8 |
123 125 |
34.8 32.2 |
|||||
| Braga-Neto, 2018 [249] | 16 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 207 | 83 | ||||||
| Bubis, 2020 [250] | 15 | 1 | 2,4 | 1 | 22,650 | 33 | ||||||
| Buckley, 2018 [251] | 16 | 1 | 1,2 | 10 | 82 | 60 | ||||||
| Cho–a, 2019 [252] Cho–b, 2019 [252] |
16 16 |
3 3 |
2 1 |
53.7 58.02 |
708 2581 |
60.6 44 |
||||||
| Clover, 2017 [253] | 15 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 62 | 9133 | 17 | |||||
| Daly, 2020 [254] | 15 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 1027 | 25.3 | ||||||
| Davies, 2021 [255] | 17 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 250 | 6.0 | 11.6 | 24.5 | 12.9 | 30.5 | ||
| Davis, 2018 [256] | 15 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 59.7 | 23,840 | 35.5 | 13.2 | ||||
| de Groef, 2016 [257] | 18 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 60.5 | 100 | 50 | |||||
| de Mello, 2020 [258] | 16 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 348 | 55.61 | ||||||
| de Oliveira, 2014 [259] | 18 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 300 | 36.7 | ||||||
| Deshields, 2014 [260] | 16 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 60.6 | 513 | 44 | |||||
| Deshields, 2017 [261] | 16 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 60.63 | 558 | 45 | |||||
| Dhingra, 2015 [262] | 17 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 62.3 | 1436 | 44.9 | |||||
| Donovan, 2014 [263] | 18 | 1 | 2 | 9 | 56 | 104 | 31.7 | |||||
| Doubova–a, 2021 [264] Doubova–b, 2021 [264] |
19 19 |
4 4 |
2 2 |
5 9 |
247 165 |
75.3 e 67.3 e |
24.7 32.7 |
|||||
| Feiten, 2014 [265] | 16 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 730 | 34 | ||||||
| Fokdal, 2018 [266] | 18 | 1,2,3 | 2 | 9 | 914 | 13.4 | ||||||
| Giuliani, 2016 [267] | 15 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 89 | 21 | ||||||
| Götze, 2019 [268] | 16 | 2 | 2 | 10 | 75.6 | 200 | 34 | |||||
| Gough, 2017 [269] | 16 | 2 | 11 | 59 | 113 | 24 | 77 | |||||
| Guedes, 2018 [270] | 16 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 55.97 | 103 | 44.7 | 55.3 | ||||
| Honkanen, 2021 [271] | 16 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 56.9 | 121 | 35.5 | 14 | 49.5 | |||
| Horick, 2018 [272] | 18 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 309 | 45 | ||||||
| Huang, 2018 [273] | 17 | 3 | 1 | 6 | 59 | 300 | 39.7 | 25 | 25.3 | 35.5 | 10 | 60.3 |
| Hunnicutt–a, 2017 [274] Hunnicutt–b, 2017 [274] |
15 15 |
1 1 |
4 1 |
1 1 |
27,790 31,271 |
40.0 50.0 |
38.2 31.6 |
21.7 18.4 |
59.9 50.0 |
|||
| Jesdale–a, 2020 [275] Jesdale–b, 2020 [275] Jesdale–c, 2020 [275] |
15 15 15 |
1 1 1 |
2 2 2 |
329,150 42,317 12,290 |
77.8 74.6 75.4 |
|||||||
| Jewett, 2020 [276] | 17 | 1 | 2 | 9 | 59.9 | 355 | 25.1 | |||||
| Karawekpanyawong–a, 2021 [277] Karawekpanyawong–b, 2021 [277] |
16 16 |
3 3 |
2 2 |
9 9 |
52.7 55.8 |
27 173 |
23.51 46.3 |
|||||
| Khan, 2021 [278] | 15 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 97 | 75.3 | 24.7 | |||||
| Kim, 2015 [279] | 15 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 52.1 | 827 | 56.5 | 1.1 | 43.5 | |||
| Kim–a, 2017 [280] Kim–b, 2017 [280] |
15 15 |
3 3 |
2 2 |
2 2 |
53.2 43.6 |
77 81 |
37.7 27.0 |
|||||
| Lefkowits, 2014 [281] | 15 | 1 | 2 | 9 | 305 | 32 | 60.1 | |||||
| Liu, 2015 [282] | 16 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 51.7 | 97 | 53.6 | |||||
| Loh, 2018 [283] | 15 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 389 | 49.6 | ||||||
| Lu, 2017 [284] | 15 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 52.9 | 919 | 49.4 | |||||
| Mavros, 2020 [285] | 16 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 2168 | 39 | ||||||
| Mejdahl, 2015 [286] | 15 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 286 | 28 | ||||||
| Nakanotani, 2014 [287] | 15 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 57.6 | 807 | 17.6 | |||||
| Nappi, 2021 [288] | 15 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 58.4 | 175 | 65.9 | |||||
| Oosterling, 2016 [289] | 17 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 892 | 77 e | 23 | |||||
| Pandya, 2019 [290] | 16 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 81 | 359 | 56 | |||||
| Pinto, 2021 [291] | 15 | 5 | 1,3 | 1 | 46.1 | 294 | 33.3 | 62.6 | 29.3 | 83.7 | ||
| Ramsenthaler, 2016 [292] | 15 | 2 | 1,2 | 10 | 68.4 | 557 | 24 | 34 | 47.8 | 13.8 | 71.5 | |
| Rau, 2015 [293] | 19 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 57.47 | 2075 | 50.7 | |||||
| Reuter, 2019 [294] | 16 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 61.62 | 817 | 35.4 | |||||
| Rosario, 2019 [295] | 17 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 75 | 33 | 60 | |||||
| Saarelainen, 2014 [296] | 15 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 76.7 | 385 | 26 | |||||
| Sager, 2020 [297] | 18 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 65.31 | 123 | 26.8 | |||||
| Sakurai, 2019 [298] | 17 | 3 | 2,3 | 1 | 64.4 | 142 | 66.2 | |||||
| Sampogna, 2020 [299] | 16 | 2 | 2 | 11 | 44.3 | |||||||
| Sánchez Sánchez, 2020 [300] | 15 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 70.71 | 184 | 60.9 | 39.1 | 39.1 | |||
| Schreiber, 2021 [301] | 15 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 55.5 | 201 | 32 | |||||
| Shen, 2017 [302] | 16 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 57 | 2652 | 37.4 | 29.8 | 23.2 | 32.8 | 9.6 | 62.6 |
| Sloan–a, 2016 [303] Sloan–b, 2016 [303] |
16 16 |
1 1 |
2 2 |
4 4 |
66 66 |
296 1013 |
49.0 33.5 |
|||||
| Smith, 2019 [304] | 15 | 1 | 2 | 5,6 | 59.7 | 2257 | 61.2 | |||||
| Tadele, 2015 [305] | 18 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 388 | 77.6 | ||||||
| Tegegn, 2017 [306] | 15 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 83 | 8.4 | 25.3 | 57.8 | 66.2 | 8.4 | 91.6 | |
| Tjong, 2021 [307] | 17 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 13,289 | 62 | ||||||
| Tung, 2019 [308] | 18 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 2623 | 61.8 | ||||||
| Valery, 2017 [309] | 15 | 6 | 1 | 82 | 10 | |||||||
| van Arsdale, 2016 [310] | 16 | 1 | 2 | 9 | 59 | 165 | 18.8 | |||||
| van den Brekel, 2020 [311] | 15 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 60 | 2144 | 28 | |||||
| Vistad, 2018 [312] | 16 | 2 | 9 | 61.9 | 82 | 56 | ||||||
| von Gruenigen, 2018 [313] | 17 | 1 | 2 | 9 | 63.6 | 65 | 69 | |||||
| Williams, 2020 [314] | 17 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 70.1 | 336 | 20.9 | |||||
| Xu, 2017 [315] | 15 | 3 | 2 | 11 | 43.5 | 142 | 30 | |||||
a 1 = North America; 2 = Europe; 3 = Asia; 4 = South America; 5 = Africa; 6 = Australia/New Zealand; b 1 = inpatient; 2 = outpatient; 3 = patient in a palliative care setting; 4 = all; 5 = other; c 1 = >3 types of cancer; 2 = head and neck; 3 = oesophagus, 4 = bronchus/lung; 5 = breast; 6 = gastro-intestinal; 7 = prostate; 8 = other, urological; 9 = gynaecological; 10 = haematological; 11 = other; d moderate–severe pain; e none–mild pain.