Table 10.

Meta-regression to explore determinants of pain prevalence.

Determinant	β (95% CI)	p-Value
Age (years)
18–49	0.45 (0.37 to 0.54)	ref.
50–59	0.01 (–0.09 to 0.11)	0.787
60–69	–0.03 (–0.13 to 0.07)	0.570
70+	0.01 (–0.12 to 0.15)	0.843
Type of cancer
Prostate	0.25 (0.08 to 0.41)	ref.
Head and neck	0.16 (–0.04 to 0.35)	0.116
Lung	0.22 (0.01 to 0.43)	0.039
Breast	0.19 (0.01 to 0.36)	0.036
Gastro-intestinal	0.18 (–0.01 to 0.36)	0.061
Gynaecological	0.11 (–0.08 to 0.30)	0.253
Haematological	0.21 (0.02 to 0.40)	0.034
Ethnicity
Caucasian	0.38 (0.18 to 0.59)	ref.
Black	0.36 (–0.15 to 0.87)	0.144
Asian	0.17 (–0.12 to 0.45)	0.219
Hispanic	0.39 (–0.01 to 0.78)	0.054
Performance status
ECOG 2	0.68 (0.43 to 0.94)	ref.
ECOG 0	–0.28 (–0.74 to 0.17)	0.198
ECOG 1	–0.05 (–0.35 to 0.25)	0.733
Data collection method
Questionnaire patient	0.43 (0.40 to 0.45)	ref.
Interview patient	0.07 (–0.02 to 0.16)	0.106
Medical record	0.19 (0.05 to 0.32)	0.007
Recall period
Point	0.50 (0.45 to 0.55)	ref.
Week(s)	–0.08 (–0.14 to –0.02)	0.013
Month(s)	–0.18 (–0.28 to –0.07)	0.001
Setting
Outpatient	0.42 (0.39 to 0.45)	ref.
Inpatient	0.08 (–0.02 to 0.18)	0.115
Palliative care setting	0.16 (0.01 to 0.32)	0.040
Continent of origin
Europe	0.39 (0.36 to 0.43)	ref.
North America	0.06 (–0.00 to 0.12)	0.068
South America	0.15 (0.01 to 0.29)	0.033
Asia	0.08 (0.01 to 0.14)	0.016
Africa	0.43 (0.25 to 0.62)	0.000
Australia/New Zealand	0.06 (–0.03 to 0.16)	0.193

ECOG = Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Bold indicates significant. The item first mentioned is the reference.