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. 2023 Jan 26;15(3):768. doi: 10.3390/cancers15030768

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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An overview of how radiotherapy affects the PDAC’s TME. Abbreviation: PDAC: pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas; TME: tumor microenvironment; MDSCs: myeloid-derived suppressor cells; G-MDSCs: granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells; MHC: major histocompatibility complex; TAMs: tumor-associated macrophages; TANs: tumor-associated neutrophils; CAF: cancer-associated fibroblasts; myCAFs: myofibroblastic cancer-associated fibroblasts; iCAFs: inflammatory cancer-associated fibroblasts; apCAFs: antigen-presenting cancer-associated fibroblasts; ROS: reactive oxygen species; DAMPs: damage-associated molecular patterns; TLS: tertiary lymphoid structures; TILs: tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes; Teff: effector T cells; Treg: regulatory T cells; MCSF: macrophage colony-stimulating factor.