CAR-TILs kill tumor cells more efficiently than TILs. (a,b) TILs and CAR-TILs from MM1 were co-cultured with the parental or HER2 KO 92-1 uveal melanoma cell line for 24 h, followed by cleaved caspase 3 (CC3) detection in the tumor cells using flow cytometry (a). Additionally, TILs and CAR-TILs from MM5 were co-cultured with autologous cancer cells for 24 h, followed by cleaved CC3 detection using flow cytometry (b). Cancer cells not treated with TILs were used as a control (no TILs). (c–g) Viability of autologous cancer cells was measured by luciferase signal detected after 48 h co-culture with increasing doses of TILs and CAR-TILs from UM22 (c), MM3 (d), MM4 (e), MM5 (f), and MM6 (g) in the indicated ratios (TILs:cancer cells). Data are presented as mean with SD of triplicates. Asterisks represent p-values of difference between similar doses of TILs and CAR-TILs. The experiments were performed twice, and representative data from one experiment is shown. P values are represented as * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, and **** p < 0.0001.