Figure 5.

Non-canonical hedgehog signaling pathways. (A) In the absence of HH ligand, PTCH forms a complex with CYCLIN B1, DRAL, TUCAN-1, and CASPASE 9 that activates CASPASE 3, which induces apoptosis. In the absence of HH ligand, CYCLIN B1 remain inactive in the proteome complex and do not induce cell proliferation. (B) In presence of HH ligand, PTCH breaks the interaction with CYCLIN B1, DRAL, and CASPASE 9 and CASPASE 3, which activate the cell proliferation. CASPASE 3 is not be activated, which results in cell survival. (C) HH-activated SMO causes the dissociation of Gi, which activate PI3 kinase, which results in the regulation of cytoskeleton and calcium signaling. NCS: non cannonical signaling of HH.