Figure 4.

The altered profiles of lipoproteins in plasma of HD are summarized. HDL4, LDL3, LDL4 and LDL5 are reduced, while VLDL5 is increased in the plasma of HD patients. The reduced HDL4 may be generated by reduced ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux or decreased cholesterol generation. The mechanism of how ABCA1 deficiency affects VLDL and LDL subfractions remains uncertain. ABCA1, ATP-binding cassette transporter A1; CE, cholesteryl ester; CETP, cholesteryl ester transfer protein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; LPL, lipoprotein lipase; TG, triglyceride; VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein.