Table A1.
Questionnaire items.
| Construct | Measurement Items | References |
|---|---|---|
| Immediacy (IM) |
IM1: MMC allows me to access medical information at the best moment for me | Zhang et al. [48], Okazaki and Mendez [53] |
| IM2: When I need a certain type of medical information immediately, I will use MMC | ||
| IM3: When I cannot wait for a certain type of medical information, I will use MMC | ||
| IM4: When I need to receive an urgent response, I will use MMC | ||
| Telepresence (TP) |
TP1: When using MMC, my body was in the room, but I felt my mind was inside the world created by MMC | Sun et al. [58] |
| TP2: When using MMC, I felt that I was immersed in the world MMC had created | ||
| TP3: MMC-generated world seemed to me to be “somewhere I visited” rather than “something I saw” | ||
| TP4: I felt I was more in the “real world” than the “computer world” when I was using MMC | ||
| Intimacy (IN) |
INT1: When chatting with the friends using MMC, I feel like they truly understand me | Park and Lee [84], Lin et al. [64] |
| INT2: When chatting with the friends using MMC, I feel like they are very close to me | ||
| INT3: When chatting with the patients using MMC, I feel and understand their emotion | ||
| INT4: Chatting with a person using MMC makes our relationship more special | ||
| Substitutability (SU) |
SUB1: MMC offers the same services as the offline medical consultation | Li [72] |
| SUB2: MMC offers services in the same way as the offline medical consultation | ||
| SUB3: MMC satisfies the same needs as the offline medical consultation | ||
| SUB4: MMC is considered the same tool as the offline medical consultation for activities such as psychological counseling | ||
| Pandemic-induced anxiety (PA) |
PA1: I am anxious about the volatility of medical services prices during COVID | Wang et al. [52], Goyal et al. [85] |
| PA2: I have a great fear of the supply shortage of medical resources during COVID | ||
| PA3: I am usually seized with panic due to the perceived phenomena of medical resources shortage during COVID-19 | ||
| PA4: I feel dizzy or lightheaded when I read or listen to the news about COVID | ||
| PA5: I have trouble falling or staying asleep because I keep on thinking about the COVID issues | ||
| Satisfaction (SA) |
SA1: The MMC is trustworthy | Bhattacherjee [25] |
| SA2: The MMC provider provides reliable information | ||
| SA3: The MMC provider keeps promises and commitments | ||
| SA4: The MMC provider’s behavior meets my expectations | ||
| Continuance intention (CI) |
CI1: I intend to continue using MMC rather than discontinue its use. | Bhattacherjee [25] |
| CI2: My intention is to continue using MMC rather than to use any alternative means. | ||
| CI3: If I could, I would like to continue my use of MMC in the future | ||
| CI4: I intend to increase my use of MMC in the future |