Table 2.
Group-wise anthropometric features and data on blood pressure and lipid and glucose metabolism.
| Groups | PCOS (n = 28) | Controls (n = 18) | p Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (±SD) | Median (P25–P75) | Mean (±SD) | Median (P25–P75) | ||
| Anthropometric data | |||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.4 (±5.5) | 30.3 (26–35.5) | 30.5 (±5.2) | 31.6 (28.3–33.6) | 0.948 |
| Abdominal circumference (cm) | 103.9 (±14.8) | 104 (94.5–114) | 94.6 (±18.5) | 95.5 (80.3–110.8) | 0.065 |
| Glucose metabolism | |||||
| Glycated hemoglobin (%) | 5.7 (±0.3) | 5.6 (5.1–5.8) | 5.1 (±0.5) | 5.2 (4.9–5.4) | 0.001 |
| GTT0 (mg/mL) | 92 (±16.6) | 87 (84.5–95.5) | 88 (±8.1) | 88.5 (81.3–93.5) | 0.769 |
| GTT30 * (mg/mL) | 135 (±23.1) | 138 (120.5–144.8) | 110.1 (±20.3) | 101 (94.5–127) | 0.004 |
| GTT60 * (mg/mL) | 132 (±37.7) | 131 (107–148.3) | 104 (±19.2) | 105 (93.3–117.5) | 0.003 |
| GTT90 * (mg/mL) | 129 (±34.5) | 131.5 (102.3–143) | 102 (±23.1) | 111 (81–120.5) | 0.003 |
| GTT120 * (mg/mL) | 121.7 (±36.9) | 119 (101.8–134.5) | 105.1 (±20.1) | 107 (90.5–120) | 0.069 |
| INS0 (µUI/mL) | 41.1 (±41.4) | 32.4 (14.8–42.9) | 15.4 (±5.3) | 15.5 (12–17) | 0.002 |
| INS30 * (µUI/mL) | 172.9 (±90.1) | 176 (109.8–211.3) | 121.5 (±69.7) | 115.5 (60.5–156) | 0.06 |
| INS60 * (µUI/mL) | 186.6 (±97.6) | 180.5 (119–245.8) | 90.5 (±53.5) | 83.5 (50.5–117.3) | <0.001 |
| INS90 * (µUI/mL) | 205.8 (±132.4) | 178.5 (100.9–242.3) | 107.6 (±52.9) | 100 (67.8–147) | 0.007 |
| INS120 * (µUI/mL) | 185.9 (±133.7) | 155.3 (95.6–243.5) | 101.9 (±55.3) | 94.5 (59.3–120.5) | 0.029 |
| HOMA–IR | 9.7 (±10.5) | 6.5 (3.2–10.5) | 3.4 (±1.3) | 3.4 (2.5–3.7) | 0.003 |
| Matsuda Index | 1.72 (±1.1) | 1.3 (0.9–2.3) | 3.41 (±1.18) | 2.7 (2.2–4.2) | <0.001 |
| Lipid metabolism | |||||
| Total cholesterol (mg/mL) | 181.8 (±27.8) | 172 (163.8–192) | 185.4 (±28.9) | 185 (175–195.5) | 0.289 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/mL) | 39 (±13.6) | 37 (26–48) | 56.1 (±13.4) | 57 (47–60) | 0.001 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/mL) | 114.6 (±26.5) | 107 (98.8–125.3) | 112.9 (±33.1) | 111 (92.5–131.3) | 0.846 |
| Triglycerides (mg/mL) | 142.5 (±70.1) | 130 (98–168.3) | 93.6 (±43.1) | 83. (61.8–117.3) | 0.006 |
SD = standard deviation. The p value was based on the Mann–Whitney U test; oral glucose tolerance test (GTT) points: baseline, 30 min, 60 min, 90 min, and 120 min. Ins = insulin levels; insulin tolerance test (ITT) points: basal (INS0), 30 min, 60 min, 90 min, and 120 min. BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; min, minutes; * values after glucose overload with 75 g of glucose.