Table 3.
Factors Associated with Domestic Violence Against Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic.
| OR (95% CI) a | OR (95% CI) b | |
|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic Variables | ||
| Age group | ||
| 50 and older | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| 15–19 | 1.57 (1.41–1.76) * | 1.40 (1.22–1.60) * |
| 20–29 | 1.19 (1.08–1.31) * | 1.26 (1.13–1.41) * |
| 30–39 | 0.96 (0.87–1.06) | 1.02 (0.92–1.13) |
| 40–49 | 0.97 (0.88–1.08) | 1.00 (0.90–1.11) |
| Educational level | ||
| High school or less | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| High School | 1.24 (1.12–1.37) * | 1.03 (0.93–1.15) |
| Undergraduate or graduate degree | 1.19 (1.08–1.30) * | 1.08 (0.98–1.20) |
| Marital status | ||
| Single | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| Married/domestic partner | 1.02 (0.96–1.08) | 1.28 (1.19–1.38) * |
| Separated, widowed, divorced | 1.11 (1.01–1.22) | 1.47 (1.32–1.65) * |
| COVID-19 pandemic variables | ||
| Employment status | ||
| Employed | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| Unemployed | 2.18 (2.06–2.31) * | 2.01 (1.89–2.16) |
| Isolation status | ||
| No | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| Partially | 1.69 (1.53–1.86) * | 1.58 (1.43–1.75) * |
| Yes | 1.95 (1.77–2.15) * | 1.47 (1.32–1.63) * |
| Month answered survey c | ||
| July | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| April | 1.96 (1.76–2.19) * | 1.61 (1.43–1.81) * |
| May | 1.56 (1.40–1.74) * | 1.32 (1.18–1.48) * |
| June | 1.39 (1.25–1.55) * | 1.21 (1.08–1.35) * |
| August | 1.37 (1.22–1.55) * | 1.29 (1.14–1.46) * |
| September | 1.59 (1.40–1.80) * | 1.48 (1.30–1.69) * |
| October | 2.04 (1.80–2.31) * | 1.76 (1.54–2.00) * |
| November | 2.22 (1.93–2.57) * | 1.77 (1.53–2.06) * |
| December | 2.31 (1.91–2.81) * | 1.93 (1.58–2.36) * |
| Caregiver of child | ||
| No | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| Yes | 1.17 (1.10–1.23) * | 1.27 (1.19–1.36) * |
| Caregiver of elder and/or chronically ill person | ||
| No | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| Caregiver of elder or chronically ill person | 1.42 (1.32–1.52) * | 1.42 (1.33–1.53) |
| Loss of family member due to COVID-19 d | ||
| No | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| Yes | 1.39 (1.25–1.54) * | 1.26 (1.13–1.41) |
| Excessive alcohol use in the past month | ||
| No | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| Yes | 2.03 (1.86–2.20) * | 1.94 (1.78–2.12) |
a OR: Odds Ratio Unadjusted model (95% CI: 95% Confidence Interval). b OR: Odds Ratio Adjusted model (95% CI: 95% Confidence Interval); * p value < 0.05. c Month in which participants answered the online survey. d Loss of family member due to COVID-19 in the past month.