Table 1:
Changing immune responses impact antibody titre in response to vaccination
| Immune parameter | Impact on antibody titre | Immune status |
|---|---|---|
| Expansion of naïve B cells | Increased | Young/healthy |
| Shift to antigen-experienced B cells | Decreased | Old/chronic infection |
| Increased naïve CD4+ T cells | Increased | Young/healthy |
| Increased suppressive CD4+ T cells | Decreased | Old/chronic infection |
| High IFNg:IL-10 ratio | Increased | Young/healthy |
| Low IFNg:IL-10 ratio | Decreased | Old/chronic infection |
| Elevated inflammatory cytokines (TNFa, IL-6) | Decreased | Old/chronic infection |
| Higher CD4+ T cell count | Increased | Healthy/ART |
| Suppressed HIV viraemia | Increased | Healthy/ART |