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. 2023 Jan 27;14:1013342. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1013342

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Copyright © 2023 Tu, Wang, Yang, Sun, Yao, Zhang, Zhang, Wang, Yu and Yang

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Therapeutic protective effect of TIO3 as vaccine adjuvant on the in-situ glioma model in mice. TIO3 as a glioma vaccine molecular adjuvant combined with GL261 TCL to treat GL261-bearing mice. (A) The experimental procedure: C57BL/6 mice (n=8) were intracranial (i.c.) inoculated with 2×10⁴ GL261 cells in right caudate nucleus of the brains on day 0, and then were i.m. immunized in the neck with PBS, TCL, TCL+TIO3 or TCL+cODN on day 1, 8, 15 and day 22. (B) The survival of GL261-bearing mice. (C) Brain tissues were taken for histopathological examination with HE staining analysis on the 18th day. The three mice received PBS died within 18 days after the GL261 cell inoculation, and their brain samples were analyzed immediately after death. (Magnification, ×400).