. 2023 Jan 17;20(3):1669. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20031669

Table 4.

Summarized findings of included studies.

Outcome Category			Author, Year
Outcome Category			Abdel-Rahman et al., 2014 [33]	Anandh, Varadha-rajulu, & Alate, 2020 [34]	Calogiuri, Nordtug, & Weydahl, 2015 [Intervention] [27]	Calogiuri et al., 2016 [28]	Duranso, 2018 [32]	Irandoust & Taheri, 2017 [29]	Lacharité-Lemieux, Brunelle, & Dionne, 2015 [30]	Lacharité-Lemieux & Dionne, 2016 [31]	Miller et al., 2020 [17]	Moslehi, Moslehi, & Khalvati, 2019 [18]	Özbay et al., 2020 [19]	Zhou et al., 2020 [20]
PSYCHOLOGICAL		Affective Valence							NS 2/2
		Positive Emotions			OE 1/2	OE 2/3			NS
		Positive Emotions			NS 1/2	NS 1/3			NS
		Depression						NS	NS
		Affective Activation							NS 2/2
		Tranquility				NS 2/2			OE
		Restoration			OE 2/2	OE 2/2
		Energy							NS
		Fatigue							NS		NS 2/2
		Self-Efficacy and Self-Determination		NS			NS 2/2				NS 3/3
		Motivation					NS 2/2				OE 1/6
		Motivation					NS 2/2				NS 5/6
PHYSICAL	Anthro-pometric	Weight						NS		NS		OE	NS
	Anthro-pometric	Body Composition						NS 3/3		NS 6/6		OE 2/2	NS
	Physio-logical	Systolic Blood Pressure				NS				NS
		Diastolic Blood Pressure				OE				NS
		Plasma Lipids								NS 4/4			OE 1/3
		Plasma Lipids								NS 4/4			NS 2/3
		Glucose and Insulin Profile								NS 3/3
		Hormones and Neuropeptides				OE 1/3		OE				OE	NS 2/2
		Hormones and Neuropeptides				NS 2/3		OE				OE	NS 2/2
	Physical Fitness	Flexibility	OE
		Mobility	OE	OE 1/2										OE 3/4
		Mobility	OE	NS 1/2										NS 1/4
		VO_2max								NS		NS
		Muscle Strength								NS 3/3
		Muscle Endurance								OE 1/3
		Muscle Endurance								NS 2/3
		Balance												NS 3/3
BEHAVIOUR		Future Exercise Intention			OE
		Physical Activity Level			OE 1/4				NS		NS
		Physical Activity Level			NS 3/4				NS		NS
		Exercise Adherence							OE

Outcome Categories: Refer to Table A1 for lists of discrete outcomes included within each outcome category. Symbols and Acronyms: ‘OE’: A statistically significant group difference was reported for one or more outcomes included in this category; the direction of the effect favoured outdoor exercise. ‘NS’: One or more outcomes included in this category were measured in the study; no statistically significant group differences were reported. [blank]: No outcomes in this category were measured in the study. Fractions represent the number of comparisons with the indicated result, out of the total number of comparisons measured in this category.