Table 3.
(a) Direct effects of diagnosis on the R4Alz-R tasks and subtasks’ performance according to Mediation Analysis, between the groups of SCD and MCI (* p < 0.004) (b) Indirect effects of diagnosis—via age and education—on the R4Alz-R tasks’ and subtasks’ performance according to Mediation Analysis, between the groups of SCD and MCI (* p < 0.004).
| (a) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Direct Effects | 95% Confidence Interval | |||||||||
| b | SE | z-Value | p | Lower | Upper | |||||
| diagnosis | → | WMCUT S 1 | −0.253 | 0.204 | −1.236 | 0.217 | −0.698 | 0.164 | ||
| diagnosis | → | WMCUT S 2 | −0.483 | 0.211 | −2.292 | 0.022 | −0.932 | −0.061 | ||
| diagnosis | → | WMCUT S 3 | −1.040 | 0.655 | −1.587 | 0.112 | −2.288 | 0.415 | ||
| diagnosis | → | ACT | 5.439 | 1.950 | 2.789 | 0.005 | 1.813 | 9.321 | ||
| diagnosis | → | ICT-RST 1 & 2 | 9.710 | 2.690 | 3.610 | <0.001 * | 4.057 | 14.934 | ||
| diagnosis | → | ICT-RST 1 & 2 SE | 1.153 | 0.257 | 4.485 | <0.001 * | 0.678 | 1.671 | ||
| diagnosis | → | ICT-RST 1 & 2 FS | 1.078 | 0.406 | 2.655 | 0.008 | 0.219 | 1.848 | ||
| diagnosis | → | CFT | 2.099 | 0.794 | 2.643 | 0.008 | 0.588 | 3.757 | ||
| diagnosis | → | CFT2 Con. a | 1.597 | 0.498 | 3.204 | 0.001 * | 0.551 | 2.546 | ||
| diagnosis | → | CFT2 Con. b | 1.066 | 0.467 | 2.284 | 0.022 | −0.041 | 2.007 | ||
| diagnosis | → | CFT2 Con. c | 0.561 | 0.446 | 1.257 | 0.209 | −0.374 | 1.471 | ||
| diagnosis | → | VFT | −0.945 | 0.458 | −2.064 | 0.039 | −1.883 | −0.017 | ||
| diagnosis | → | EMT-W Con. a | 2.374 | 0.558 | 4.257 | <0.001 * | 1.222 | 3.419 | ||
| diagnosis | → | EMT-W Con. b | 0.564 | 0.519 | 1.087 | 0.277 | −0.507 | 1.496 | ||
| (b) | ||||||||||
| 95% Confidence Interval | ||||||||||
| Indirect Effects | b | SE | z-Value | P | Lower | Upper | ||||
| diagnosis | → | Age | → | WMCUT S 1 | −0.072 | 0.097 | −0.745 | 0.456 | −0.301 | 0.124 |
| diagnosis | → | Education | → | WMCUT S 1 | 2.377 | 0.004 | 0.061 | 0.952 | −0.044 | 0.072 |
| diagnosis | → | Age | → | WMCUT S 2 | −0.063 | 0.085 | −0.739 | 0.460 | −0.259 | 0.103 |
| diagnosis | → | Education | → | WMCUT S 2 | 0.001 | 0.009 | 0.120 | 0.905 | −0.051 | 0.081 |
| diagnosis | → | Age | → | WMCUT S 3 | −0.174 | 0.238 | −0.733 | 0.463 | −0.816 | 0.245 |
| diagnosis | → | Education | → | WMCUT S 3 | 0.011 | 0.085 | 0.129 | 0.897 | −0.193 | 0.337 |
| diagnosis | → | Age | → | ACT | 0.645 | 0.868 | 0.743 | 0.457 | −1.066 | 2.767 |
| diagnosis | → | Education | → | ACT | −0.033 | 0.257 | −0.130 | 0.897 | −1.153 | 0.517 |
| diagnosis | → | Age | → | ICT−RST 1 & 2 | 0.664 | 0.912 | 0.729 | 0.466 | −1.081 | 3.191 |
| diagnosis | → | Education | → | ICT−RST 1 & 2 | −0.067 | 0.515 | −0.130 | 0.896 | −1.757 | 1.132 |
| diagnosis | → | Age | → | ICT−RST 1 & 2 SE | 0.041 | 0.059 | 0.689 | 0.491 | −0.061 | 0.324 |
| diagnosis | → | Education | → | ICT−RST 1 & 2 SE | −0.017 | 0.133 | −0.131 | 0.896 | −0.304 | 0.274 |
| diagnosis | → | Age | → | ICT−RST 1 & 2 FS | 0.090 | 0.124 | 0.721 | 0.471 | −0.128 | 0.511 |
| diagnosis | → | Education | → | ICT−RST 1 & 2 FS | −0.016 | 0.121 | −0.130 | 0.896 | −0.273 | 0.271 |
| diagnosis | → | Age | → | CFT | 0.269 | 0.362 | 0.744 | 0.457 | −0.490 | 1.101 |
| diagnosis | → | Education | → | CFT | −0.019 | 0.145 | −0.130 | 0.897 | −0.546 | 0.280 |
| diagnosis | → | Age | → | CFT2 Con. a | 0.035 | 0.067 | 0.520 | 0.603 | −0.083 | 0.435 |
| diagnosis | → | Education | → | CFT2 Con. a | −0.020 | 0.157 | −0.130 | 0.896 | −0.428 | 0.314 |
| diagnosis | → | Age | → | CFT2 Con. b | 0.020 | 0.053 | 0.376 | 0.707 | −0.074 | 0.394 |
| diagnosis | → | Education | → | CFT2 Con. b | −0.022 | 0.165 | −0.130 | 0.896 | −0.365 | 0.356 |
| diagnosis | → | Age | → | CFT2 Con. c | 0.064 | 0.095 | 0.675 | 0.500 | −0.068 | 0.472 |
| diagnosis | → | Education | → | CFT2 Con. c | −0.009 | 0.068 | −0.130 | 0.897 | −0.233 | 0.148 |
| diagnosis | → | Age | → | VFT | −0.068 | 0.100 | −0.680 | 0.497 | −0.476 | 0.095 |
| diagnosis | → | Education | → | VFT | 0.011 | 0.085 | 0.130 | 0.897 | −0.155 | 0.301 |
| diagnosis | → | Age | → | EMT−W Con. a | 0.007 | 0.056 | 0.131 | 0.896 | −0.112 | 0.275 |
| diagnosis | → | Education | → | EMT−W Con. a | 0.002 | 0.020 | 0.115 | 0.908 | −0.102 | 0.215 |
| diagnosis | → | Age | → | EMT−W Con. b | 0.004 | 0.052 | 0.069 | 0.945 | −0.195 | 0.259 |
| diagnosis | → | Education | → | EMT−W Con. b | −0.003 | 0.024 | −0.122 | 0.903 | −0.215 | 0.153 |
Abbreviations: WMCUT S1: Working Memory Capacity and Updating Task—working memory component of short-term store; WMCUT S2: Working Memory Capacity and Updating Task—working memory component of central executive; WMCUT S3: Working Memory Capacity and Updating Task—working memory updating & working memory component of the episodic buffer; ACT: Attentional Control Task; ICT-RST 1 & 2: Inhibitory Control & Task/Rule Switching Task Subtasks 1 (Inhibition) and 2 (Task/Rule switching); ICT-RCT SE: Total number of errors of Inhibitory Control & Task/Rule Switching Task; ICT-RST FS: Failed sets on the Inhibitory Control & Task/Rule Switching Task; CFT: Cognitive Flexibility Task; CFT2 Con. a: Cognitive Flexibility Task part 2—1st level of difficulty; CFT2 Con. b: Cognitive Flexibility Task part 2—2nd level of difficulty; CFT2 Condition c: Cognitive Flexibility Task part 2—3rd level of difficulty; VFT: Visual Fluency Task (Planning, Inhibitory Control, and Visual Fluency); EMT-W Con. a; Episodic Memory Task—Windows (1st level of difficulty); EMT-W Con. b; Episodic Memory Task—Windows (2nd level of difficulty).