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. 2023 Jan 17;13(3):338. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics13030338

Table 4.

(a) Direct effects of diagnosis on the R4Alz-R tasks and subtasks’ performance according to Mediation Analysis, between the groups of HC and MCI (* p < 0.004). (b) Indirect effects of diagnosis—via age and education—on the R4Alz-R tasks’ and subtasks’ performance according to Mediation Analysis, between the groups of SCD and MCI (* p < 0.004).

(a)
95% Confidence Interval
Direct Effects b SE z-Value p Lower Upper
diagnosis WMCUT S 1 −0.191 0.122 −1.564 0.118 −0.472 0.205
diagnosis WMCUT S 2 −0.604 0.130 −4.646 <0.001 * −0.893 −0.298
diagnosis WMCUT S 3 −1.212 0.337 −3.593 <0.001 * −1.821 −0.699
diagnosis ACT 3.668 1.086 3.377 <0.001 * 1.968 5.581
diagnosis ICT-RST 1 & 2 8.102 1.495 5.421 <0.001 * 5.175 10.491
diagnosis ICT-RST 1 & 2 SE 0.656 0.154 4.261 <0.001 * 0.324 0.937
diagnosis ICT-RST 1 & 2 FS 1.016 0.217 4.689 <0.001 * 0.468 1.407
diagnosis CFT 2.562 0.468 5.476 <0.001 * 1.703 3.362
diagnosis CFT2 Con. a 0.994 0.280 3.549 <0.001 * 0.455 1.503
diagnosis CFT2 Con. b 1.387 0.237 5.853 <0.001 * 0.731 1.877
diagnosis CFT2 Con. c 0.988 0.289 3.417 <0.001 * 0.160 1.639
diagnosis VFT −1.302 0.276 −4.723 <0.001 * −1.835 −0.749
diagnosis EMT-W Con. a 1.732 0.374 4.638 <0.001 * 1.063 2.488
diagnosis EMT-W Con. b 1.186 0.339 3.499 <0.001 * 0.430 1.788
(b)
95% Confidence Interval
Indirect Effects b SE z-Value P Lower Upper
diagnosis Age WMCUT S 1 −0.140 0.067 −2.075 0.038 −0.350 −0.043
diagnosis Education WMCUT S 1 −0.040 0.044 −0.898 0.369 −0.203 0.038
diagnosis Age WMCUT S 2 −0.214 0.086 −2.486 0.013 −0.396 −0.076
diagnosis Education WMCUT S 2 −0.030 0.046 −0.653 0.514 −0.200 0.048
diagnosis Age WMCUT S 3 −0.418 0.193 −2.170 0.030 −0.893 −0.092
diagnosis Education WMCUT S 3 −0.120 0.124 −0.964 0.335 −0.507 0.082
diagnosis Age ACT 1.896 0.744 2.546 0.011 0.536 3.870
diagnosis Education ACT 0.341 0.394 0.865 0.387 −0.280 1.628
diagnosis Age ICT−RST 1 & 2 1.917 0.867 2.211 0.027 0.484 4.212
diagnosis Education ICT−RST 1 & 2 0.130 0.514 0.252 0.801 −1.042 1.744
diagnosis Age ICT−RST 1 & 2 SE 0.093 0.071 1.305 0.192 −0.083 0.281
diagnosis Education ICT−RST 1 & 2 SE 0.168 0.083 2.025 0.043 0.017 0.447
diagnosis Age ICT−RST 1 & 2 FS 0.230 0.116 1.980 0.048 0.010 0.560
diagnosis Education ICT−RST 1 & 2 FS 0.124 0.088 1.411 0.158 −0.009 0.415
diagnosis Age CFT 0.624 0.276 2.256 0.024 0.172 1.328
diagnosis Education CFT 0.283 0.193 1.462 0.144 −0.064 0.880
diagnosis Age CFT2 Con. a 0.062 0.120 0.512 0.609 −0.231 0.381
diagnosis Education CFT2 Con. a 0.159 0.114 1.403 0.161 −0.029 0.467
diagnosis Age CFT2 Con. b 0.039 0.101 0.381 0.703 −0.229 0.301
diagnosis Education CFT2 Con. b 0.232 0.120 1.930 0.054 0.025 0.510
diagnosis Age CFT2 Con. c 0.325 0.158 2.052 0.040 0.071 0.800
diagnosis Education CFT2 Con. c 0.044 0.101 0.436 0.663 −0.138 0.334
diagnosis Age VFT −0.307 0.150 −2.038 0.042 −0.711 −0.056
diagnosis Education VFT −0.125 0.106 −1.182 0.237 −0.432 0.035
diagnosis Age EMT−W Con. a 0.013 0.159 0.082 0.935 −0.361 0.336
diagnosis Education EMT−W Con. a 0.072 0.131 0.552 0.581 −0.152 0.427
diagnosis Age EMT−W Con. b −0.034 0.144 −0.235 0.814 −0.427 0.291
diagnosis Education EMT−W Con. b 0.001 0.116 0.010 0.992 −0.337 0.260

Abbreviations: WMCUT S1: Working Memory Capacity and Updating Task—working memory component of short-term store; WMCUT S2: Working Memory Capacity and Updating Task—working memory component of central executive; WMCUT S3: Working Memory Capacity and Updating Task—working memory updating & working memory component of the episodic buffer; ACT: Attentional Control Task; ICT-RST 1&2: Inhibitory Control & Task/Rule Switching Task Subtasks 1 (Inhibition) and 2 (Task/Rule switching); ICT-RCT SE: Total number of errors of Inhibitory Control & Task/Rule Switching Task; ICT-RST FS: Failed sets on the Inhibitory Control & Task/Rule Switching Task; CFT: Cognitive Flexibility Task; CFT Con. a: Cognitive Flexibility Task part 2—1st level of difficulty; CFT Con. b: Cognitive Flexibility Task part 2—2nd level of difficulty; CFT Condition c: Cognitive Flexibility Task part 2—3rd level of difficulty; VFT: Visual Fluency Task (Planning, Inhibitory Control, and Visual Fluency); EMT-W Con. a; Episodic Memory Task—Windows (1st level of difficulty); EMT-W Con. b; Episodic Memory Task—Windows (2nd level of difficulty).