Table 1.
Total phenols contents of valerian extracts from roots and rhizomes.
| Extraction Method |
Roots | Rhizomes | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yield (%) 1 | Total Phenols (mg GAE 2/g Sample) | Yield (%) | Total Phenols (mg GAE/g Sample) | |||
| In Extract | In Powder | In Extract | In Powder | |||
| 25 °C extract | ||||||
| 25C0E | 29.36 ± 0.21C 3 | 14.54 ± 0.53I | 4.27 ± 0.18G | 29.07 ± 0.15B | 13.81 ± 0.33I | 4.01 ± 0.09H |
| 25C25E | 28.73 ± 0.28D | 17.91 ± 0.57G | 5.15 ± 0.15E | 28.28 ± 0.31C | 15.39 ± 0.16H | 4.35 ± 0.05F |
| 25C50E | 25.20 ± 0.10F | 21.12 ± 0.58E | 5.32 ± 0.17DE | 25.92 ± 0.51E | 16.45 ± 0.54G | 4.26 ± 0.12FG |
| 25C75E | 22.91 ± 0.51H | 25.97 ± 0.49C | 5.95 ± 0.03C | 24.10 ± 0.35G | 20.73 ± 0.54D | 5.00 ± 0.14C |
| 25C95E | 10.24 ± 0.17K | 30.31 ± 0.75B | 3.10 ± 0.12H | 11.47 ± 0.19J | 24.69 ± 0.53B | 2.83 ± 0.06I |
| 50 °C extract | ||||||
| 50C0E | 30.68 ± 0.28A | 15.77 ± 0.50H | 4.84 ± 0.11F | 29.07 ± 0.18B | 14.14 ± 0.41I | 4.11 ± 0.14GH |
| 50C25E | 29.64 ± 0.19C | 18.25 ± 0.38G | 5.41 ± 0.13D | 28.28 ± 0.44C | 16.09 ± 0.14GH | 4.55 ± 0.06E |
| 50C50E | 27.92 ± 0.47E | 21.68 ± 0.58E | 6.05 ± 0.24C | 26.18 ± 0.17E | 17.85 ± 0.33F | 4.67 ± 0.10DE |
| 50C75E | 23.12 ± 0.32H | 26.60 ± 0.53C | 6.15 ± 0.20C | 24.42 ± 0.21FG | 22.06 ± 0.69C | 5.39 ± 0.21AB |
| 50C95E | 13.57 ± 0.22J | 32.76 ± 0.92A | 4.45 ± 0.06G | 15.52 ± 0.25I | 25.42 ± 0.75B | 3.95 ± 0.17H |
| 75 °C extract | ||||||
| 75C0E | 31.07 ± 0.15A | 19.33 ± 0.59F | 6.00 ± 0.16C | 31.37 ± 0.66A | 15.44 ± 0.60H | 4.84 ± 0.10CD |
| 75C25E | 30.18 ± 0.43B | 23.97 ± 0.57D | 7.23 ± 0.19B | 28.76 ± 0.23BC | 17.36 ± 0.52F | 4.99 ± 0.19C |
| 75C50E | 28.21 ± 0.08E | 26.80 ± 0.43C | 7.56 ± 0.12A | 27.50 ± 0.69D | 18.97 ± 0.65E | 5.22 ± 0.04B |
| 75C75E | 24.07 ± 0.23G | 29.49 ± 0.70B | 7.10 ± 0.16B | 25.02 ± 0.46F | 22.20 ± 0.71C | 5.55 ± 0.12A |
| 75C95E | 15.80 ± 0.17I | 33.16 ± 0.65A | 5.24 ± 0.15DE | 17.02 ± 0.11H | 26.78 ± 0.89A | 4.56 ± 0.13E |
1 Yield (%) = (freeze-dried extract weight/sample weight) × 100%. 2 GAE: Gallic acid equivalent. 3 Each value is expressed as mean ± standard deviation (n = 4). Means with different capital letters within a column differ significantly (p < 0.05).