Table 3.
Weighted quantile sum regression (WQS) results for the association between concentrations of chemical mixtures in hair and kidney function measured by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).
| Variable | Mixture of 22 Elements with CRM 1 | Mixture of All 36 Elements 1 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 (n = 199) | Model 2 (n = 133) | Model 3 (n = 199) | Model 4 (n = 133) | |||||
| Coefficient | 95% CI | Coefficient | 95% CI | Coefficient | 95% CI | Coefficient | 95% CI | |
| WQS index | −2.13 | −3.8 to −0.45 | −2.42 | −4.69 to −0.16 | −1.85 | −3.92 to 0.214 | −2.11 | −5.04 to 0.81 |
| Male sex | 4.35 | 0.71 to 7.99 | 4.69 | 1.02 to 8.35 | 3.58 | −0.09 to 7.25 | 4.6 | 0.933 to 8.26 |
| Age | −0.69 | −0.81 to −0.58 | −0.8 | −0.97 to −0.63 | −0.7 | −0.82 to −0.58 | −0.79 | −0.97 to −0.62 |
| Mining activity | 2.8 | −0.83 to 6.42 | 1.35 | −2.56 to 5.26 | 3.05 | −0.65 to 6.75 | 1.01 | −2.97 to 5.00 |
| Diabetes | NA | 3.18 | −2.17 to 8.53 | NA | 3.34 | −1.99 to 8.67 | ||
| Hypertension | NA | 4.23 | −0.46 to 8.91 | NA | 4.23 | −0.43 to 8.90 | ||
| Current smoking status | NA | −4.86 | −11.60 to 1.82 | NA | −5.01 | −11.8 to 1.80 | ||
| Body mass index | NA | −0.26 | −0.69 to 0.18 | NA | −0.27 | −0.70 to 0.17 | ||
| Main elements in mixture 2 | Be, Cd, V, Tl, Ag, As, Pb, Co, Bi | Be, Cd, Pb, As, Mn | Be, V, Cd, Au, Tl, As, Ag, Pb, Re, W, Co, Mo | Be, Re, Au, Cd, Ga, Tl, As, Pb, Mn | ||||
1 Models 1 and 3 partially adjusted by sex, age, and mining activity. Models 2 and 4 adjusted by age, sex, mining activity, diabetes, hypertension, smoking status, and body mass index. CRM = certified reference human hair materials. NA= Not Adjusted. 2 Chemical elements with significant weights in the mixture index using as cut-off value the inverse of the number of elements in the mixture: 0.045 in Models 1 and 2, and 0.028 in Models 3 and 4.