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. 2023 Jan 19;20(3):1895. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20031895

Table 1.

Summary of included studies.

Angeles 2019 [49] Goldstein 2020 [50] Curtis 2018 [51] Gee 2019 [52] Hughes 2021 [53] McMullen 2018 [54] Travis 2019 [55] King 2017 [56] Marksteiner 2019 [57] Shinde 2020 [48] Kaesornsamut 2012 [58] Hill 2017 [59]
Sample size 2099 69 107 13 39 170 35 218 106 7824 60 5
Level Universal x x x x x
Targeted x x x
Indicated x x x x
Age Range 13–19 years 18–35 years 12–17 years 18–31 years 18–25 years 13–18 years 11–15 years 12–15 years 19.8 years * 13–15 years 16–18 years 13–15 years
Gender Female Only x
Male and Female x x x x x x x x x x x
Country Malawi USA USA UK USA Uganda Australia USA Germany India Thailand USA
Outcome Depression x x x x x x x x x x x
Anxiety x x x x x x x

* No age range given; mean reported. Universal interventions are those which are delivered to all individuals in a given population, for instance, a whole class or school or town. Targeted interventions are those where participants are targeted based on some pre-existing risk factor which suggests that they are at greater need for intervention. Indicated interventions are for individuals who are already experiencing the outcome targeted by the intervention, for example, depression or anxiety.