Table 7.

Augmented Dickey–Fuller (ADF) and Zivot-Andrews unit root test for all of the selected countries.

Augmented Dickey–Fuller Test (ADF)				Zivot-Andrews Unit Root Test
Countries	Variables	Level	Difference	Structural Break Year
China	Gdp	−1.681	−3.750 *	2009
	Lexp	−9.159 *	−4.001 *	1986
	Mort	−5.403 *	−2.687	2008
	Ffuel	−3.536	−4.323 *	2003
	Ener cons	−1.720	−3.021 *	2003
	CO2	−2.635	−3.419 **	2003
U.S.	Gdp	−2.711	-3.879 *	2003
	Lexp	−2.814	−4.323 *	2004
	Mort	−1.611	−6.511 *	1990
	Ffuel	−1.993	−4.248 *	1996
	Ener cons	−2.013	−4.353 *	2008
	CO2	−2.022	−4.341 *	2008
Russia	Gdp	−1.854	−5.445 *	1996
	Lexp	−1839	−3.734 *	1992
	Mort	−2.668	−3.883 *	1989
	Ffuel	−0.418	−5.419 *	2009
	Ener cons	−4.017 *	−2.083	1998
	CO2	−4.621 *	−3.275 **	2010
India	Gdp	−1.296	−3.320 **	2009
	Lexp	0.512	−9.081 *	1994
	Mort	−0.077	−9.694 *	1997
	Ffuel	−0.339	−3.631 *	1985
	Ener cons	0.648	−3.298 **	2009
	CO2	−1.809	−8.146 *	2008
Japan	Gdp	−1.440	−4.185 *	1986
	Lexp	−2.038	−6.131 *	2008
	Mort	−1.833	−3.542 *	1993
	Ffuel	−1.361	−5.607 *	2009
	Ener cons	0.312	−4.164 *	1988
	CO2	−1.917	−4.453 *	1990

Significance level indicates: ** for 5%, * for 10%.