Table 2.

Multiple regression analyses to evaluate strength of association of log[(E_Prot/Ccr × 10⁵) with log log[(E_Cd/Ccr × 10⁵) and other independent variables.

Independent Variables/ Factors		Urinary Excretion of Protein a
	All subjects, n = 405		Males, n = 197		Females, n = 208
	β b	p	β	p	β	p
Age, years	0.263	<0.001	0.222	0.028	0.260	0.011
Log [(ECd/Ccr) × 105], µg/L filtrate	0.252	<0.001	0.376	<0.001	0.179	0.050
Diabetes	−0.039	0.353	0.012	0.831	−0.097	0.114
Sex	0.078	0.107	−	−	−	−
Hypertension	−0.065	0.152	−0.116	0.069	−0.002	0.974
Smoking	−0.075	0.150	0.007	0.911	−0.152	0.040
Adjusted R2	0.306	<0.001	0.371	<0.001	0.259	<0.001

n, number of subjects; ^a urinary excretion of protein as log[(E_Prot/C_cr) ×10⁵]; ^b β, standardized regression coefficients. Coding: female = 1, male = 2, hypertension = 1, normotension = 2, smoker = 1, non-smoker = 2. Data were generated from regression model analyses relating E_Prot to six independent variables (first column) in all subjects, males, and females. For all tests, p-values < 0.05 indicate a statistical significance association. β coefficients indicate the strength of association of E_Prot and independent variables. Adjusted R² indicates the proportion of the variation in E_Prot attributable to all six independent variables.