Table 1.

Summary of impacts of the development of artificial intelligence on employees.

Impacts of the Development of AI on Employees	Empirical Findings	Speculation
Negative impacts of AI development on employees’ employment	Reduces the demand for low-skilled employees [5,6];increases income inequality between high-skilled and low-skilled workers [7]	Replaces workers [4]
Positive impacts of AI development on employees’ employment	Increases the demand for highly skilled labor [5]; increases the income of employees [3]	Spawns new occupations [8];
Negative impacts of AI development on employees’ psychology and behavior	Triggers employees’ negative emotions [10]; increases employee job insecurity [11]; harms employees’ health [12]; reduces employees’ organizational identity and career satisfaction, and increases their turnover intention, cynicism, and depression [13,14,15]	Increases employee disappointment [9]; induces job burnout [16]; strengthens labor-process control [17]
Positive impacts of AI development on employees’ psychology and behavior	Employees thrive at work [18]; which enhances employees’ job performance [19]	Improves job autonomy [16,20]