Figure 2.

The Synaptic signaling pathway are mechanistically targeted. Wnt pathway activation of cytoplasmic β-catenin is degraded by the proteasome after phosphorylation by GSK-3β. When GSK-3β fails to phosphorylate β-catenin, cytoplasmic β-catenin accumulates in the nucleus and binds to the TCF/LEF complex and CHD8 factor to activate transcription of target genes and enhances synaptic plasticity and neuronal protection. Both ERK/MAPK and PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathways can be activated in response to TrKB stimulation Activation of L-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels (LVSCCs) triggers calcium inward flow and induces calcium-dependent signaling molecules and the Ras/ERK pathway, which are involved in transcriptional regulation. Mutations in proteins involved in translational regulation include PTEN, MECP2, UBE3A and TSC1/TSC2. These genes are marked in red.