Figure 5.
Bacterial cell integrity was compromised after PG-NOW treatment. Confocal laser scanning microscopy images show the live and dead cells of E. coli and S. aureus following PG-NOW treatment at 1000 µM concentration and stained with calcein AM (green fluorescence) and BOBO-3 iodide (red fluorescence), which indicates a compromised cell membrane. DIC: Differential Interference Contrast.