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[Preprint]. 2023 Sep 17:2023.02.03.527061. Originally published 2023 Feb 4. [Version 3] doi: 10.1101/2023.02.03.527061

Figure 3. Many circadian genes have evidence of alternative splicing and divergent regulation between modern and archaic hominins.

Figure 3.

A) The distribution of the 28 predicted archaic-specific splice-altering variants (SAV) in circadian genes across archaic individuals. Most are specific to either the Denisovan or Neanderthal lineage (Table S3). B) The sharing of predicted divergently regulated (DR) gene/tissue pairs across three archaic individuals. (Predictions were not available for the Chagyrskaya Neanderthal.) Seventeen divergently regulated gene/tissue pairs were present in all three archaics (representing 16 unique genes). Additionally, 7 gene/tissue DR pairs are shared between the Altai Neanderthal and the Denisovan individual. One pair is shared between the Vindija Neanderthal and the Denisovan (Table S4). C) The proportion of circadian genes containing archaic splice-altering variants predicted by SpliceAI (SAV; 11.4%) or divergently regulated circadian genes predicted by PrediXcan (DR; 6.5%). Thus, 17.9% of the circadian genes are predicted to contain differences to AMH via these mechanisms.