Table 3.
Adjusted HR with 95% CI for referral to and DLD diagnosis from a SLP in girls and boys after early-life exposure to PFAS.
| Girls | Boys | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exposure classification | Events | HRa (95% CI) | Events | HRa (95% CI) |
| Referral to an SLP | ||||
| High exposure | 52 | 1.36 (1.02, 1.80) | 88 | 1.16 (0.93, 1.44) |
| Intermediate exposure | 118 | 1.13 (0.93, 1.38) | 187 | 0.99 (0.85, 1.17) |
| Background exposure | 589 | 1.00 | 1,139 | 1.00 |
| Confirmed DLD diagnosis | ||||
| High exposure | 31 | 1.62 (1.12, 2.35) | 45 | 1.04 (0.77, 1.42) |
| Intermediate exposure | 62 | 1.18 (0.90, 1.55) | 103 | 0.99 (0.80, 1.22) |
| Background exposure | 296 | 1.00 | 644 | 1.00 |
PFAS exposure was categorized according to maternal residential address during the 5-year period before childbirth. All estimates are obtained from Cox regression.
aThe models were adjusted for parity, maternal age, maternal education, and smoking in early pregnancy, and effect modification by sex assessed through an interaction term.