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. 2022 Jul 11;164(3):509–533. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002730

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Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the International Association for the Study of Pain.

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CCBY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 9. — Physical therapy and rehabilitation intervention trials. Between-group differences in unidimensional outcome measures are presented as standardized mean change scores alongside risk-of-bias assessments per study.