Table 1.
Descriptive statistics of the MESA participants at exam 5.
| All cities | Winston-Salem | New York | Baltimore | St. Paul | Chicago | Los Angeles | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||||||
| N | 4,208 | 703 | 696 | 616 | 717 | 772 | 704 |
| Age | 69.7 (9.4) | 70.1 (9) | 69.5 (9.5) | 70.5 (9.1) | 68.4 (9.6) | 69.9 (9.4) | 70 (9.8) |
| Male (%) | 46.4 | 45.4 | 39.9 | 46.8 | 49.1 | 46.8 | 50.4 |
| Race/ethnicity (%) | |||||||
| White | 41.3 | 52.2 | 22.3 | 53.2 | 57.9 | 50.9 | 11.6 |
| Chinese | 10.9 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 24.7 | 37.9 |
| Black | 26.5 | 47.8 | 31.5 | 46.8 | 0.0 | 24.4 | 12.1 |
| Hispanic | 21.3 | 0.0 | 46.1 | 0.0 | 42.1 | 0.0 | 38.4 |
| Education (%) | |||||||
| High school or less | 31.7 | 28.1 | 40.8 | 25.0 | 38.2 | 12.4 | 46.6 |
| Some college/technical | 29.2 | 31.2 | 28.3 | 31.0 | 35.4 | 22.8 | 27.4 |
| College or graduate | 39.1 | 40.7 | 30.9 | 44.0 | 26.4 | 64.8 | 26.0 |
| Risk factors | |||||||
| BMI | 28.5 (5.7) | 29.1 (5.7) | 29 (5.7) | 29.6 (5.8) | 29.7 (5.6) | 26.7 (5.1) | 27.2 (5.4) |
| Smoking status (%) | |||||||
| Never | 52.6 | 46.0 | 52.6 | 46.6 | 47.6 | 54.0 | 67.8 |
| Former | 40.0 | 45.1 | 40.4 | 44.5 | 43.2 | 40.6 | 27.0 |
| Current | 7.4 | 8.9 | 7.0 | 8.9 | 9.2 | 5.4 | 5.2 |
| Pack-year | 11.1 (20.9) | 14.2 (25) | 9.7 (18.4) | 13.9 (21.6) | 11.5 (19.8) | 12 (23.6) | 5.7 (13.7) |
| Environment smoking (%) | 51.1 | 61.1 | 45.5 | 52.5 | 62.3 | 53.9 | 31.1 |
| Alcohol use (%) | 43.6 | 40.9 | 32.3 | 51.7 | 53.4 | 55.8 | 27.0 |
| Social disadvantagea | −1.4 (6.3) | −0.9 (4.7) | 0.1 (8.1) | −0.9 (4.6) | 0.2 (3.3) | −6.6 (6.7) | 0 (6) |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 124.0 (20.7) | 126.2 (21.5) | 126.7 (20.4) | 124.9 (20.2) | 120.7 (19.4) | 122.1 (20.2) | 123.9 (21.8) |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 68.2 (10.0) | 68.1 (10.7) | 70.2 (9.9) | 67.5 (9.7) | 67.6 (9.7) | 68.5 (9.9) | 67 (10.1) |
| ApoE ε4 carrier (%) | 26.8 | 28.9 | 27.2 | 29.1 | 22.4 | 30.6 | 23.3 |
| Cognitive function | |||||||
| CASI score | 87.2 (10.9) | 89.0 (9.6) | 84.3 (11.2) | 88.1 (8.4) | 87.9 (10.8) | 89.3 (9.4) | 84.1 (13.9) |
| Digit symbol coding | 50.3 (18.6) | 50.1 (16.9) | 43.4 (19.2) | 48.3 (16.2) | 52.4 (18.6) | 55 (17.1) | 51.8 (20.1) |
| Total digit span | 15.3 (4.6) | 14.3 (3.6) | 14.5 (4.5) | 16.8 (4.4) | 14.4 (4.3) | 16.3 (4.1) | 15.5 (5.6) |
| Long-term exposures | |||||||
| NO2 (ppb) | 14.6 (7.8) | 5.5 (2) | 26.1 (4.5) | 10.9 (3.5) | 9.4 (2.3) | 14.1 (2.9) | 21.3 (3.6) |
| NOX (ppb) | 25.7 (15.8) | 9.5 (4) | 52.8 (10.5) | 19.2 (7) | 16.4 (4.6) | 22.2 (5) | 33.9 (8.5) |
| PM2.5 (μg/m3) | 11.0 (1.4) | 10.4 (0.4) | 12.4 (1.7) | 10.2 (0.9) | 9.7 (1.1) | 11.7 (0.8) | 11.7 (1.1) |
| EC (μg/m3) | 1.5 (0.6) | 1.1 (0.1) | 2.4 (0.4) | 1.3 (0.2) | 0.8 (0.1) | 1.4 (0.2) | 2 (0.3) |
| OC (μg/m3) | 2.2 (0.4) | 2.6 (0.2) | 2.2 (0.4) | 2.2 (0.4) | 1.7 (0.1) | 1.9 (0.3) | 2.3 (0.3) |
| S (μg/m3) | 1.3 (0.3) | 1.7 (0.1) | 1.5 (0.1) | 1.7 (0.1) | 0.8 (0) | 1.2 (0.1) | 1.1 (0) |
| Si (ng/m3) | 110.0 (20.0) | 97.9 (5.9) | 117.6 (9.8) | 85 (12.5) | 98.6 (6.1) | 107.9 (9.1) | 141.7 (17.2) |
aSocial disadvantage is a SES index [continuous variable constructed by factor analysis of six indicators of neighborhood-level SES, that is, wealth, income, education, employment, and occupation, with higher value indicating more socioeconomic disadvantage].