Table 1.
Characteristics and metabolic control of patients in secondary care (SC).
| Type 1 Diabetes (T1DM) | 2004 | 2009 | 2014 | 2019 | Total | p-Value for Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of data sets n (%) | 283 (23.7) | 327 (27.4) | 299 (25.1) | 283 (23.7) | 1192 | |
| Female n (%) | 151 (53.4) | 182 (55.7) | 162 (54.2) | 147 (51.9) | 642 (53.9) | |
| Age (years) | 45.7 (14.8) | 47.3 (16.2) * | 51.4 (16.9) * | 53.3 (17.6) * | 49.3 (16.6) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 19.0 (12.4) | 19.7 (12.9) * | 22.4 (13.5) * | 24.8 (14.3) * | 21.4 (13.4) | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.6 (3.9) | 26.8 (4.7) * | 27.3 (5.0) * | 27.6 (5.1) | 27.1 (4.7) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.3 (1.1) | 7.5 (1.0) * | 7.1 (1.1) * | 7.4 (1.1) * | 7.3 (1.1) | 0.118 |
| BP systolic (mmHg) | 138.0 (18.3) | 138.6 (19.2) | 136.2 (19.2) | 139.3 (19.2) * | 138.0 (19.0) | 0.312 |
| BP diastolic (mmHg) | 79.0 (9.8) | 83.3 (11.6) * | 79.9 (11.89) * | 81.2 (12.1) | 80.9 (11.5) | 0.619 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | n.a. | 83.1 (23.5) | 87.0 (25.7) | 81.0 (26.2) * | 83.9 (25.3) | <0.001 |
| WHO-5 (range 0–25) | n.a. | 14.9 (5.1) | 15.4 (5.2) | 15.9 (4.5) | 15.5 (4.9) | 0.150 |
| Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) | ||||||
| Number of data sets n (%) | 933 (21.3) | 1195 (27.3) | 1143 (26.1) | 1108 (25.3) | 4379 | |
| Female n (%) | 435 (46.6) | 554 (46.4) | 511 (44.7) | 491 (44.3) | 1991 (45.5) | |
| Age (years) | 63.5 (11.6) | 65.2 (11.8) * | 66.9 (11.8) * | 67.5 (12.0) * | 65.8 (11.99 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 12.7 (9.0) | 13.4 (9.4) * | 15.6 (10.3) * | 15.5 (10.6) * | 14.3 (9.9) | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 31.7 (5.9) | 32.3 (6.3) * | 32.7 (6.8) | 32.6 (7.4) | 32.4 (6.6) | 0.002 |
| WHO class 1 obesity n (%) | 310 (34.1) | 375 (32.5) | 318 (30.2) | 306 (30.3) | 1309 (31.7) | 0.071 |
| WHO class 2 obesity n (%) | 139 (15.3) | 202 (17.5) | 181 (17.2) | 153 (15.1) | 675 (16.4) | 0.799 |
| WHO class 3 obesity n (%) | 76 (8.4) | 123 (10.6) | 141 (13.4) | 145 (14.3) | 485 (11.8) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.1 (1.1) | 7.1 (1.0) | 6.9 (1.1) * | 7.0 (1.1) * | 7.0 (1.1) | 0.790 |
| BP systolic (mmHg) | 148.0 (22.5) | 145.2 (21.3) * | 140.4 (19.5) * | 144.8 (20.2) * | 144.5 (21.0) | <0.001 |
| BP diastolic (mmHg) | 79.5 (12.3) | 84.8 (12.8) * | 79.6 (12.9) * | 82.9 (12.9) * | 81.8 (13.0) | 0.029 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | n.a. | 69.5 (21.0) | 69.8 (23.3) * | 67.3 (23.4) * | 68.8 (22.8) | <0.001 |
| WHO-5 (range 0–25) | n.a. | 13.8 (6.1) | 15.5 (5.5) * | 15.8 (5.1) | 15.3 (5.5) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: HbA1c = glycated haemoglobin; BMI = body mass index; BP = blood pressure; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; WHO = World Health Organization; n.a. = not available. The standard deviation for age, diabetes duration, BMI, HbA1c, blood pressure, eGFR and WHO-5 is given in brackets. * = p < 0.05 compared to previous survey period.