Table 1.
Characteristics of studies included in the systematic review.
| Study | Characteristics of Studies | Characteristics of the Participants | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Authors and Year | Funding | Waves | Time Lag | N Baseline | N Follow-Up | % Girls |
Mean Age T1 | Country | % Ethnicity |
| Aalsma et al., 2012 [68] | Yes | 2 | 1 year | 748 | 160 | 50 | 15.60 | USA | White 89%; Black 8% |
| Brodar et al., 2020 [69] | Yes | 2 | 7 months | 522 | 502 | 58 | 14.22 | USA | Hispanic/Latin 91.2% |
| Chang et al., 2019 [70] | Yes | 2 | 2 years | n.a. | 4072 | 50 | 14.67 | China | n.a. |
| Chang et al., 2018 [71] | Yes | 2 | 2 years | 2854 | 2854 | 49 | 16 | Taiwan | n.a. |
| Chang et al., 2017 [72] | Yes | 4 | 1 year | 2006 | 2006 | 50.10 | 14.68 | Taiwan | n.a. |
| Erreygers et al., 2019 [65] | Yes | 2 | 4 months | 1746 | 1590 | 55 | 13.50 | Belgium | n.a. |
| Herge et al., 2016 [73] | Yes | 3 | 1.5 months | 1177 | 1162 | 52 | 15.80 | USA | Hispanic 80%; White 84%, Black 12%, Asian 4% |
| Jose and Vierling, 2018 [66] | Yes | 3 | 1 year | 2179 | 1774 | n.a. | n.a. | New Zealand | New Zealand European 59%; Māori 28%, Other 15% (chiefly Pacifica and Asian New Zealanders) |
| Lepore and Kliewer, 2013 [74] | Yes | 2 | 6 months | n.a. | 498 | 56 | 14.45 | USA | White/Caucasian 43%; Latino/a 24%; Black/African American 24%; other race/ethnicity 9%. |
| Liu et al., 2021 [75] | No | 2 | 8 months | 879 | 671 | 39 | 14.02 | China | n.a. |
| Maume et al., 2017 [76] | Yes | 2 | 4 years | n.a. | 974 | 50 | n.a. | USA | n.a. |
| Roberts et al., 2008 [77] | Yes | 2 | 1 year | 4175 | 3134 | 49 | n.a. | USA | European 37.0%, African 34.6%, Latino 23.7%, and other American 4.7% |
| Roberts et al., 2009 [78] | No | 2 | 1 year | 4175 | 3134 | 49 | n.a. | USA | European 37.0%, African 34.6%, Latino 23.7%, and other American 4.7% |
| Sladek and Doane, 2015 [12] | Yes | 3 | 6 months | 82 | 71 | 77 | 18.85 | USA | Caucasian 52%, Latino/Hispanic descent 25%, African American 6%, Asian American/Pacific Islander 4%, and multiracial 13%. |
| Troxel et al., 2019 [79] | Yes | 4 | 1 year | n.a. | 1850 | 57 | 16.23 | USA | White 21.6%, Hispanic 44%, Asian 21.1%, Black 2.5%, Other race 10.9% |
| Tu et al., 2019 [80] | Yes | 2 | 10 months | 123 | 99 | 52 | 12.78 | USA | European Americans 58.5%, African Americans 35%, other races/ethnicities 6.5% |
| Tu and Cai, 2020 [81] | No | 2 | 7.4 months | 100 | 89 | 49 | 11.05 | USA | European Americans 57–63%; African Americans 8–11%; Hispanic/Latino 14–17%; Asians 6–9%; other race/ethnicity 2–12% (e.g., biracial). |
| Yoo, 2020 [67] | Yes | 4 | 1 year | n.a. | 4335 | 48.50 | 12.95 | South Korea | n.a. |
| Zhang et al., 2021 [82] | Yes | 2 | 6 months | 466 | 318 | 64 | 16.92 | China | n.a. |
Note. N.a. = not applicable.