Table 2.
The interplay between positive peer relationships and sleep quality.
| Peer Relationship Variable | Study | Sleep Variable | Main Effect Reported Positive Peer Relationships T1 → Sleep Variables T2 |
Positive Peer Relationships T1 → Sleep Variables T2 | Main Effect Reported Sleep Variables T1 → Positive Peer Relationships T2 |
Sleep Variables T1 → Positive Peer Relationships T2 | Main Findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Romantic relationships | Aalsma et al., 2012 [68] | Sleep duration (S) | β = −0.02 (−0.16, 0.12) |
r = −0.02 [−0.18, 0.14] |
Partner behavior in romantic relationships is not associated with sleep duration over time. | ||
| Relationships with peers | Maume et al., 2017 [76] | Sleep duration (S) | β = 0.07 |
r = 0.12 *** [0.06, 0.18] |
Positive peer relationships are associated with longer sleep duration over time. The effect is small. | ||
| Tu and Cai, 2020 [81] | Sleep disturbances (S) | r = −0.38 *** |
r = 0.38 *** [0.20, 0.56] |
r = −0.30 ** |
r = 0.30 ** [0.11, 0.49] |
Positive peer relationships and lower levels of sleep disturbances are reciprocally associated over time. These effects are moderate. | |
| Yoo, 2020 [67] | Sleep duration (S) |
β = −0.05 SE: 0.01 (cohort 1); β = 0.02 SE: 0.01 (cohort 2) |
Positive peer relationships are not associated with sleep duration in the first and second cohorts. | ||||
| Overall effect | k | ES [95% CI] | Q | I2 | Eggers’ test | ||
| Different Indicators of Positive Peer Relationships T1 → Different Indicators of Sleep Quality T2 | 3 | 0.15 [−0.03, 0.32] | 9.80 ** | 79.60 | 1.11 |
Note. β = Standardized regression coefficient and standard error estimate or confidence interval in parenthesis; r = Pearson’s correlation coefficient (confidence intervals are reported between square brackets). k = number of studies; ES = effect size; Q = heterogeneity test; I2 = heterogeneity estimate. *** p <0.001, ** p < 0.01; S = subjective sleep assessment. a = Effect sizes expressed as Pearson’s correlations. To compute the overall meta-analytic summary, the effect sizes of studies were recoded so that positive peer relationships were related to higher sleep quality at T2. Since [67] only reported the effect of change in positive peer relationships on sleep duration at T2, it was not possible to include it in the meta-analytic calculations.