Abbreviation	Meaning
DDI	Drug–drug interactions
ML	Machine learning
DL	Deep learning
SSODL-DDIP	Sparrow search optimization with deep learning-based DDI prediction
MLSTM-AE	Multilabel long short-term memory with an autoencoder
DM	Data mining
RBM	Restricted Boltzmann machines
CNN	Convolution neural networks
AE	Autoencoder
PU	Positive unlabeled
SVM	Support vector machine
GCN	Graph convolution network
DNN	Deep neural networks
KGNN	Knowledge graph neural network
KG	Knowledge graph
AMDE	Attention-related multidimensional feature encoders
SEV-DDI	Severity DDI
DANN-DDI	Deep attention neural network-related DDI
SFLLN	Sparse feature learning ensembled approach with linear neighborhood regularization
DP	Drug pairs
WEMB	Word embedding
LSTM	Long short-term memory
FCN	Fully connected networks
FC	Fully connected
FS	Flying Squirrels
GPCR	G protein-coupled receptors
AUPR	Area under the precision-recall curve
AUC	Area under the ROC Curve
CV	Coefficient of variation
PSSM	Position-specific scoring matrix
NN	Neural network
KBMF2K	Kernelized Bayesian matrix factorization with twin kernels
DBSI	drug-based similarity inference
DTIP-ORNN	Drug–target interaction prediction model using optimal recurrent neural network
BLM	Bipartite local model
SELF-BLM	Self-training support vector machine with BLM
PULBLM	Positive unlabeled learning with BLM